Common Ravens are present in Pennsylvania, thriving as a native and well-established bird species across the state. These large, all-black birds are a common sight in various habitats, contributing to the diverse avian population of Pennsylvania. Their presence is a testament to their adaptability and successful integration into the state’s natural ecosystems.
Confirming Their Presence and Distribution
Common Ravens are found throughout Pennsylvania, although their distribution is not uniform. They typically inhabit mountainous areas, remote forests, and less developed landscapes. While American Crows are common in urban and suburban environments, ravens are comparatively less frequent in densely populated areas. Their presence is particularly notable in the northern and western parts of Pennsylvania, including the Seven Mountains and Endless Mountains regions.
Ravens also frequent major river valleys and ridgelines, utilizing these corridors for movement and foraging. Historically, raven populations in Pennsylvania faced declines by the late 19th century, with some considering them potentially extirpated from the state. However, their numbers have since recovered and are expanding into more areas, including some agricultural landscapes. This expansion indicates a return to their historical status within the state.
Distinguishing Ravens from Crows
Common Ravens and American Crows are often confused due to their similar all-black appearance, but several characteristics distinguish them:
- Ravens are noticeably larger than crows, with wingspans up to 46 inches compared to a crow’s 36 inches.
- Ravens have a larger, heavier, and more curved beak.
- In flight, ravens display a wedge-shaped tail, while crows have a fan-shaped tail.
- Ravens soar and glide more frequently, often riding thermals, while crows flap their wings continuously.
- Ravens produce a deep, guttural croak, whereas crows make a higher-pitched “caw-caw” sound.
- Ravens often have shaggy throat feathers, which crows lack.
Raven Ecology in Pennsylvania
Common Ravens are omnivorous, with a varied diet including carrion, small animals, insects, bird eggs, and plant matter. They are opportunistic scavengers, frequently feeding on road-killed animals like deer, raccoons, and opossums, especially in northern Pennsylvania during winter.
Ravens typically construct nests in remote locations, often on cliffs or in tall trees. In Pennsylvania, cliff nests are preferred, though nests are also found in large hemlocks and white pines. Some ravens adapt to nesting on human-made structures like transmission towers and football stadiums.
Ravens are considered intelligent birds, exhibiting problem-solving abilities, complex social behaviors, and the capacity to imitate sounds. They often form long-term pair bonds and aggressively defend breeding territories.