Yes, rattlesnakes are found in New York State. The primary species is the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), a native venomous snake. Encounters are uncommon as they are a protected species with declining populations. Their reclusive nature means they prefer to avoid human interaction.
New York’s Rattlesnake Species
The Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is the sole rattlesnake species found in New York State. These snakes are typically large, stout-bodied, and measure between 3 to 4.5 feet in length. Their coloration varies, often presenting in two phases: a yellow phase with black or dark brown crossbands on a lighter background, or a black phase where dark crossbands appear on a darker background. Regardless of the color, a distinctive pattern of dark, often chevron-shaped, crossbands marks their body, fading into a black tail.
A defining feature of the Timber Rattlesnake is its rattle, composed of loosely attached keratin segments that produce a buzzing sound when vibrated. This sound serves as a warning when the snake feels threatened. Timber rattlesnakes are shy and not aggressive unless provoked, preferring to remain still or move away when encountered. They can live up to 16-22 years in the wild.
Where They Live and How to Identify Them
Timber Rattlesnakes in New York are typically found in rugged terrain, particularly in deciduous hardwood forests. They inhabit areas with rocky outcroppings, steep ledges, and talus slopes, which provide den sites (hibernacula) for overwintering. Their distribution includes isolated populations in southeastern New York, the Southern Tier, and the edges of the eastern Catskills and Adirondacks. Open rocky areas are also used for basking, shedding, and birthing.
Identifying a Timber Rattlesnake involves recognizing several distinct features. They possess a broad, triangular head that appears much wider than their neck, a characteristic shared by pit vipers. Their eyes have elliptical, cat-like pupils, and they have heat-sensing loreal pits located between their eyes and nostrils, which aid in detecting prey. The most unmistakable feature is the rattle at the end of their tail, made of keratin segments that produce a buzzing sound when shaken. While other snakes may mimic a rattling sound by vibrating their tails in leaves, only true rattlesnakes possess this segmented structure.
Safety and Coexistence
When in Timber Rattlesnake habitat, take precautions to minimize encounters. Staying on designated trails and wearing sturdy boots can help reduce risk. Watch where you step and place your hands, especially near rocky crevices or fallen logs.
If a Timber Rattlesnake is encountered, remain calm and give it ample space, ideally six feet or more. The snake will likely remain still or attempt to move away. Never approach, harass, or attempt to capture the snake. If a snake is in a problematic location, such as a home or public space, contact local authorities like the DEC or 911 for assistance.
Timber Rattlesnakes are protected under New York State law as a threatened species. This status means it is illegal to kill, collect, or possess them without a permit. Their protection reflects declining numbers due to habitat loss, indiscriminate killing, and illegal collection. Recognizing their ecological role and legal protection is important for promoting coexistence with these native reptiles.