Rattlesnakes are present in Montana, and understanding their presence is important for residents and visitors. While Montana is home to several snake species, only one is venomous. This article provides information about this snake, its habitats, identification, and crucial safety measures.
Rattlesnake Species in Montana
Montana is home to the Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis), the state’s only venomous snake. Prairie Rattlesnakes exhibit a pale green to brown coloration, with distinct brown or black blotches along their backs. These blotches can change into rings towards the tail.
Adult Prairie Rattlesnakes have a triangular head, a blunt nose, and a stout body, generally ranging from 15 to 60 inches long. They possess a heat-sensing pit between their nostril and eye, which aids in detecting prey, and have elliptical eyes. A rattle at the end of their tail is a defining characteristic, though rattles can occasionally be lost or absent.
Where Rattlesnakes Live and How to Identify Them
Prairie Rattlesnakes inhabit various environments across Montana, typically below 6,500 feet. They favor open, arid country, grasslands, prairies, ponderosa pine stands, and mixed grass-coniferous forests. These snakes are often found on south-facing slopes, in rocky outcrops, along river bottoms, around homes, and in brushy areas.
Identifying a Prairie Rattlesnake involves observing several features. Their triangular head, distinct from their narrower neck, is a visual cue. Patterned scales with brown or black blotches are also characteristic. The most distinctive identifier is the rattle at the end of their tail, which produces a unique sound when vibrated as a warning. However, relying solely on the rattle can be misleading, as rattlesnakes do not always rattle before striking, and rattles can break off.
Safety When Encountering Rattlesnakes
When in areas where rattlesnakes may be present, wear sturdy, closed-toe footwear like hiking boots, and stay on designated trails. Be mindful of where you place your hands and feet, especially when stepping over logs or reaching into brush. Keeping pets on a leash and supervising children closely can reduce the risk of an encounter.
If you encounter a rattlesnake, give it ample space. Rattlesnakes are not aggressive and will likely retreat if they feel unthreatened. Slowly back away, maintaining at least six feet of distance. Never provoke, handle, or move a rattlesnake, as most bites occur when individuals try to interact with them or accidentally step on one.
In the event of a rattlesnake bite, seek immediate medical attention. Remain calm and keep the bitten limb still and lower than the heart. Remove any tight clothing or jewelry from the affected area. Do not attempt to cut the wound, suck out the venom, apply a tourniquet, or use ice. Seek emergency medical care quickly for proper treatment.