Rattlesnakes are present in Montana. Understanding their habitats and safety measures is important for anyone exploring the state’s diverse landscapes. Being informed helps ensure safe interactions in outdoor environments.
Rattlesnake Species in Montana
Montana is home to 10 native snake species, but only one is venomous: the Prairie Rattlesnake ( Crotalus viridis ). This species is also known as the Western Rattlesnake. Prairie Rattlesnakes range from pale green to brown, featuring brown or black blotches along their backs that transition into rings near the tail. Adults measure between 15 and 60 inches in length.
Where Rattlesnakes Live in Montana
Prairie Rattlesnakes are widely distributed across much of Montana, residing at elevations below 6,500 feet. They favor open, arid country, including grasslands, prairies, and badlands. These snakes are found on south-facing slopes, in areas with rock outcrops, and along river valleys. While more abundant in the eastern and central parts of the state, they can also inhabit ponderosa pine stands and mixed grass-coniferous forests. Rattlesnakes may be found around homes and yards, particularly in brushy areas or under woodpiles.
How to Identify a Rattlesnake
Identifying a rattlesnake involves observing physical characteristics that differentiate it from non-venomous snakes. A rattlesnake has a triangular-shaped head, broader than its neck. They also have vertical, elliptical pupils and heat-sensing pits located between their nostrils and eyes.
The most recognizable feature is the rattle at the end of its tail, which produces a buzzing sound when vibrated. While rattles are added each time a snake sheds its skin, they can sometimes break off, meaning a rattlesnake may lack a rattle. Non-venomous snakes, like gophersnakes, might also vibrate their tails as a defense mechanism, creating a similar sound, but they do not have a true rattle structure.
Rattlesnake Safety and Prevention
Preventing rattlesnake encounters involves being aware of your surroundings and taking precautions in their known habitats. When hiking, stay on established trails and wear closed-toed shoes or boots that cover the ankle. Avoid walking through tall grass or dense brush, and be cautious around rock piles, logs, and areas where different vegetation types meet. Avoid placing hands or feet into areas you cannot visually inspect.
If you encounter a rattlesnake, maintain a safe distance, 10 to 20 feet, and allow the snake to move away. Rattlesnakes are not aggressive and will retreat if given space; most bites occur when they are handled or accidentally touched. Do not attempt to provoke, capture, or kill the snake, as this significantly increases the risk of a bite. Even freshly killed snakes can still inject venom.
In the event of a rattlesnake bite, immediate medical attention is required. Call 911 as quickly as possible. While waiting for emergency services, remain calm and remove any restrictive items like rings, watches, or tight clothing from the bitten limb, as swelling can occur rapidly. Gently wash the bite area with soap and water, and keep the affected limb immobilized and positioned at or slightly below heart level to help slow venom spread. Do not attempt to cut the wound, suck out the venom, apply a tourniquet, or use ice, as these actions can cause further harm.