Rattlesnakes are present in the Las Vegas area and surrounding regions. Their presence is a natural aspect of the local environment, which is dominated by the Mojave Desert ecosystem. Encounters are a reality for residents and visitors, especially near the undeveloped desert edges. Awareness of the species and necessary precautions is important for living in this desert landscape.
Rattlesnake Species and Typical Habitats
The Las Vegas Valley is home to several species of rattlesnakes, including the Mojave, the Sidewinder, and the Speckled Rattlesnake. The Mojave rattlesnake is often found in desert flats and lower mountain slopes. The Speckled Rattlesnake prefers the rocky canyons and hillsides of the mountains ringing the valley.
The Sidewinder is recognizable by its sideways movement and the small, horn-like scales above its eyes, favoring sandy washes and desert flats. As cold-blooded reptiles seeking specific temperatures, they sometimes move into developed areas. They may be found near homes seeking water, shade, or prey like rodents, often hiding near pool pumps or under dense landscaping.
Prevention and Avoiding Encounters
Rattlesnake activity peaks during spring and fall for daytime sightings. Snakes emerge from hibernation around March and are most active when temperatures are between 70 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit. During the extreme heat of summer, rattlesnakes become primarily crepuscular or nocturnal, moving during the cooler hours of dawn and dusk.
Homeowners can reduce the risk of encounters by eliminating potential harborage zones in their yards. This involves removing clutter like rock piles, wood stacks, and yard debris where a snake could hide. Keeping grass trimmed short and clearing rodent populations, a primary food source, also discourages their presence.
When hiking in areas like Red Rock Canyon or near desert washes, always stay on marked trails and watch carefully where you place your hands and feet. Never step over a log or rock without checking the opposite side first, and use a walking stick to probe brush or tall grass ahead of you. Wearing sturdy, closed-toe shoes or boots and long pants provides a layer of defense against accidental contact.
Immediate Response to Encounters and Bites
If you encounter a rattlesnake, remain calm and maintain a substantial distance, typically a minimum of five feet. Slowly back away and allow the snake to move off on its own; never attempt to provoke, capture, or kill it. Most bites occur when a person actively engages with the snake or tries to handle a snake they believe is dead.
In the event of a bite, immediately call 911 or local emergency services. While waiting for medical help, remain as still as possible to slow the spread of venom, and keep the affected limb immobilized at or below the level of the heart. Remove any constricting items like rings, watches, or tight clothing near the bite area before swelling begins.
Do not attempt common, outdated first aid measures, as they can cause further harm. Specifically, do not apply a tourniquet, cut the wound, or attempt to suck out the venom. Applying ice is also not recommended, nor should the victim be given alcohol or caffeine, as these can negatively affect the body’s response.