Flagstaff, Arizona, is indeed home to rattlesnakes. Understanding these reptiles helps ensure safe coexistence in the area’s diverse environment. Awareness of their presence and behavior can minimize encounters.
Rattlesnakes Found in Flagstaff
The primary rattlesnake species found at Flagstaff’s higher elevations is the Arizona Black Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerberus). These snakes display dark coloration (black to reddish-brown) that helps them blend in. Adult Arizona Black Rattlesnakes measure 31 to 43 inches long.
The Hopi Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis nuntius), a Prairie Rattlesnake subspecies, also occurs in Flagstaff, though more common east or northeast of the city. Hopi Rattlesnakes are smaller, about 24 inches long, and are brown, tan, or green, often with dark blotches.
Western Black-Tailed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus molossus) also live in northwestern Arizona, inhabiting woodlands and rocky high-altitude areas. These snakes are 30 to 45 inches, with yellow, olive green, brown, or black coloring, darker blotches, and a solid black tail.
Common Habitats and Active Times
Rattlesnakes in Flagstaff prefer environments offering shelter and thermoregulation. They are found in high elevations, especially rocky areas, volcanic outcrops, and pine woodlands. Canyon bottoms and areas near washes, creeks, and springs are also common habitats. They seek refuge among boulders and downed logs, and can be found in suburban areas bordering natural spaces.
As ectotherms, rattlesnakes regulate body heat using external temperatures, dictating their activity. They are most active at 70-80°F. While generally active during daylight, they may shift activity to early mornings, late afternoons, or nighttime in hotter summer months to avoid extreme heat. Spring and fall are peak activity periods due to favorable temperatures. Increased moisture during the August monsoon season can also heighten activity, often at night. Rattlesnakes hibernate from October to April.
Safety Measures and What to Do
Preventing rattlesnake encounters requires mindfulness outdoors. Stay on established trails and wear protective attire like over-the-ankle hiking boots, thick socks, and long pants. Always look where you place hands and feet, avoiding tall grass, dense underbrush, or crevices where snakes might hide. Exercise caution when moving rocks or logs. Hike without headphones to remain alert to warning sounds. If you encounter a rattlesnake, give it ample space and move away slowly. Rattlesnakes are defensive and typically warn before striking. Avoid provoking, touching, or attempting to move the snake.
In the event of a rattlesnake bite, seek immediate medical attention. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. Antivenom is the definitive treatment. While awaiting medical help, remain calm and still to slow venom spread.
Remove tight clothing or jewelry from the bitten limb, as swelling will occur. Keep the bitten area at or below the level of the heart. If possible, gently wash the bite area with soap and water and cover it with a clean bandage. Note the bite time; if safe, remember the snake’s approximate size or color to assist medical professionals.
Do not apply ice, tourniquets, cut the wound, or suck out venom, as these actions cause further harm. Do not consume alcohol or medication. Do not attempt to capture or kill the snake.