People often wonder about the presence of certain wildlife, particularly those with a reputation for danger. The question of whether rattlesnakes inhabit Delaware often arises, driven by curiosity about local ecosystems and safety. Understanding which snakes truly live in a region helps clarify misconceptions and promotes a more informed appreciation for the natural world.
The Truth About Rattlesnakes in Delaware
Rattlesnakes are not currently found in the wild in Delaware. While historical records indicate the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) once existed, they have since been extirpated, meaning they no longer have breeding populations in the state’s natural environment.
The disappearance of timber rattlesnakes from Delaware is attributed to habitat loss and human encroachment. Though they once inhabited diverse landscapes, changes made these areas unsuitable for survival. Current information confirms their absence from the state’s wild.
Delaware’s Native Snake Species
Delaware is home to 19 species of snakes. The state has only one native venomous snake, the Eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix). Copperheads are primarily found in southern Sussex County and near Wilmington. Their bites are rarely fatal, though medical attention is always advised.
Many non-venomous snakes are frequently encountered across Delaware. The Eastern rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus), often reaching about five feet long, is mostly black with white around its mouth and chin and is an excellent climber. Common garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) are greenish-brown with a central yellow stripe and grow to about 2.5 feet. These snakes are harmless and often flee when approached, but may bite if handled.
Another common species is the Northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon), which is about three feet long with brownish bodies and dark crossbands. These snakes are often found near ponds, streams, and rivers, and despite their appearance, they are non-venomous and often mistaken for venomous cottonmouths, which are not present in Delaware. Other non-venomous species include:
The black racer,
Eastern kingsnake,
Eastern milksnake,
Various smaller, more secretive snakes like the ring-necked snake and smooth earthsnake.
Living with Snakes in Delaware
Observing snakes from a distance is the safest approach. Avoid attempting to handle or provoke any snake, regardless of venom status. Snakes generally prefer to avoid human interaction and will retreat if given space.
Keeping outdoor areas tidy can help reduce snake encounters around homes. Eliminating potential hiding spots like debris piles, tall weeds, and unstacked wood can make a yard less appealing to snakes and their prey. If a snake is found in an unwanted location, a gentle spray from a garden hose can encourage it to move along. Understanding the role snakes play in the ecosystem, such as controlling rodent populations, fosters a respectful coexistence with these creatures.