Austin, Texas, is home to a variety of wildlife, including several snake species. Rattlesnakes are indeed present in the Austin area. Coexisting safely with these reptiles requires awareness and knowledge of their presence, behaviors, and identifying features.
Rattlesnake Species in Austin
The most common rattlesnake species encountered in Central Texas and Austin is the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). This snake averages between 3.5 to 4.5 feet in length, though some individuals may grow up to 7 feet. Its coloration typically ranges from tan to grayish, sometimes with pinkish or reddish hues, featuring distinctive dark, pale-bordered, diamond-shaped markings along its back. A key identifying feature for this species is its tail, which displays alternating black and white rings, often leading to the nickname “coontail.”
Another rattlesnake species found in Texas, though less common in Austin proper and more prevalent in the eastern third of the state, is the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), also known as the Canebrake Rattlesnake. This large, heavy-bodied snake generally measures between 2.5 to 5 feet, with some reaching up to 7 feet. Timber Rattlesnakes typically have a light yellow, gray, or greenish-white body with a rust-colored stripe running along their back, accompanied by dark, V-shaped crossbars. Their tail is often entirely black, ending in a rattle.
Common Habitats and Activity
Rattlesnakes in the Austin area inhabit a range of environments, particularly those that offer cover and prey. They are frequently found in rocky formations, including crevices and under rocks, which provide shelter and ambush points. Natural areas such as greenbelts, undeveloped lots, and the edges of suburban developments that border wild spaces are common locations for these snakes. They also thrive in brushy flatlands, along rock ledges, and near high river banks.
Rattlesnakes are ectotherms, meaning their body temperature is regulated by their external environment, which influences their activity patterns. They are most active during the warmer months, typically from spring through fall. During the hottest parts of summer days in Austin, rattlesnakes may become more active at night, preferring cooler temperatures. They may emerge during warm spells in winter for basking, but generally remain near their dens.
Safety When Encountering Rattlesnakes
Encountering a rattlesnake can be startling, but maintaining composure is important. If a rattlesnake is spotted, remain calm and avoid sudden movements. Give the snake ample space, with a recommended distance of at least 5 to 8 feet. Slowly back away from the snake and move in the opposite direction. Never attempt to approach, handle, or harm a rattlesnake, as most bites occur when individuals try to interact with them.
Preventing Encounters
Preventative measures can significantly reduce the risk of an encounter. When hiking, wear appropriate footwear, such as over-the-ankle boots with thick socks, and long pants. Stay on marked trails and avoid tall grass, dense weeds, and heavy underbrush. It is also wise to watch where you step and to avoid placing hands or feet into areas you cannot see, particularly when climbing rocks or moving logs. For homeowners, keeping lawns trimmed and clearing brush, wood, and rock piles away from residences can make areas less appealing to snakes.
If a Bite Occurs
If a bite occurs, immediate medical attention is necessary; do not attempt to apply ice, tourniquets, or cut the wound, as these actions can cause further harm.
Identifying Rattlesnakes
Identifying a rattlesnake from a safe distance involves observing several distinct physical characteristics. The most recognizable feature is the rattle itself, located at the end of the tail, which produces a characteristic buzzing sound when vibrated. It is important to note that young rattlesnakes may only have a single “button” at the end of their tail, and the rattle can sometimes be broken off.
Rattlesnakes, like other pit vipers, typically have a broad, triangular-shaped head that is noticeably wider than their neck. Their eyes feature vertical, slit-like pupils, similar to a cat’s, distinguishing them from most non-venomous snakes which usually have round pupils. Another key indicator, though harder to see from a distance, is the presence of heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils. While coloration can vary, many rattlesnakes exhibit diamond-shaped patterns along their backs and black and white bands on their tails. However, color alone should not be the sole identifying factor, as it can blend with the environment.