Possum Presence and Range in Maine
Opossums are found in Maine. These unique marsupials have steadily expanded northward, particularly in the state’s southern and central regions. Though uncommon before the early 2000s, their population has grown, leading to more frequent sightings. Their expanding range reflects their adaptability to various environments.
Their population increase in Maine links to several factors, including changing climate. Warmer winters make northern areas more hospitable, as they do not hibernate and struggle with severe cold. Human expansion and urbanization also provide new habitats and food sources, aiding their spread. They are seen in coastal Maine, where the ocean moderates winter temperatures, and as far north as Augusta.
Distinguishing Maine’s Opossums
The opossum found in Maine is the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), the only marsupial species native to North America. They are roughly the size of a house cat, measuring 15 to 20 inches long (excluding tail) and weighing 4 to 12 pounds. Their fur is grizzled grayish-white, with some variations.
Distinctive features include a pointed snout, small, hairless ears, and a long, scaly, prehensile tail (9-20 inches). This tail aids in climbing and provides balance. Their hind feet possess an opposable, clawless “thumb,” which also assists them in grasping branches. Their defense mechanism, “playing dead,” is an involuntary response where the animal enters a catatonic state. They appear lifeless, with bared teeth, foamy saliva, and a foul odor. This state can last minutes to several hours, deterring predators who prefer live prey.
Opossum Behavior and Habitat in Maine
Opossums are nocturnal, active between dusk and dawn in search of food. Though they prefer foraging at night, they may appear during the day if food is scarce or their den is disturbed. They are solitary, avoiding each other outside breeding season.
Their diet is omnivorous, consisting of various items. This includes insects, carrion, small rodents, birds, eggs, fruits, and grains. They also consume slugs, snails, and small snakes. Opossums do not build dens. Instead, they use abandoned burrows, hollow logs, tree hollows, rock crevices, or spaces under buildings. They line these temporary shelters with leaves, grasses, and mosses, carried with their prehensile tail.
Coexisting with Opossums
Opossums are non-aggressive and prefer to avoid confrontation, hissing or baring their teeth when threatened. They are less likely to carry rabies than many other mammals due to their lower body temperature. They contribute to the ecosystem by consuming ticks; studies suggest a single opossum can eliminate a substantial number in a season through diligent grooming. They also control pests by eating insects like cockroaches and slugs, and consuming carrion, which cleans the environment.
To encourage peaceful coexistence, residents can secure trash cans with tight-fitting lids and avoid leaving pet food outdoors, especially overnight. Protecting gardens with fencing can deter them from consuming fruits and vegetables. Eliminating access to potential den sites, such as sealing holes in foundations or securing spaces under porches and sheds, can prevent them from taking up residence in human structures. If encountered, it is best to observe them from a distance and allow them to move on.