Porcupines are found in New Jersey, specifically the North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum). While not uniformly distributed across the state, these quill-covered rodents inhabit specific regions, contributing to the state’s diverse wildlife.
Porcupines in New Jersey
Historically, porcupines extended their range south from Canada and New England into northern New Jersey. They are common residents of coniferous and mixed forested areas.
Within New Jersey, porcupines are primarily found in the northern half of the state. Areas like Sussex County and the northern parts of Morris County, particularly along the Kittatinny ridge and near the New York state line, report more frequent sightings. They thrive in less developed, forested regions, often seeking shelter in hollow trees, rock outcroppings, or dense brush. Their distribution aligns with areas providing suitable habitat and ample food sources.
Identifying New Jersey Porcupines
The North American Porcupine is easily recognizable by its dense coat of quills, which cover most of its body except for the underbelly, face, and feet. An adult porcupine can have approximately 30,000 quills, which are modified, barbed hairs used for defense. They exhibit dark brown or black coloration, often with white highlights from their quills.
These stout, slow-moving rodents measure 24 to 36 inches in length and weigh between 10 and 30 pounds. Porcupines are herbivores, feeding on a variety of plant material depending on the season. During warmer months, their diet includes twigs, roots, leaves, berries, and other vegetation, while in winter, they primarily consume conifer needles and tree bark. They are mostly nocturnal but may forage during the day.
Living with Porcupines
Coexisting with porcupines involves understanding their behavior and maintaining a respectful distance. A common misconception is that porcupines can “shoot” their quills; this is not true. Quills are loosely attached and only detach upon contact, easily embedding in a predator’s skin. If threatened, a porcupine will raise its quills, turn its back, and may lash its tail as a defense mechanism.
If you encounter a porcupine, observe it from a distance and avoid approaching. Keep pets, especially dogs, leashed and away from porcupines, as curious animals are susceptible to quill injuries. To prevent porcupines from becoming a nuisance, secure pet food and remove other attractants from your yard. They gnaw on wooden structures, tool handles, and vehicle tires for salt, so protecting such items can be beneficial.