Yes, poisonous scorpions are present in Arizona. Among the over 30 scorpion species found in the state, the Arizona Bark Scorpion ( _Centruroides sculpturatus_ ) is the only one considered medically significant and a public health concern. This particular species is widespread throughout Arizona, particularly in homes, making encounters common. Its venom contains neurotoxins that can cause severe symptoms in humans, distinguishing it from other scorpions whose stings typically result in localized pain similar to a bee sting.
Identifying Medically Significant Scorpions
The Arizona Bark Scorpion, the most venomous scorpion in North America, measures between one and 1.5 inches in length, though some mature individuals can reach up to 3.1 inches. Its body color is typically tan to yellowish-brown, but this can vary, with some having stripes running from head to tail. A distinguishing feature is its slender body build, with thin tails and pincers, unlike other scorpion species that possess thicker, more robust appendages.
Another identifying characteristic is a small bump or “subaculear tooth” located just under the stinger on its tail, which may require magnification to observe. Behaviorally, the Arizona Bark Scorpion holds its tail down, parallel to the surface it is on, but still curled, when at rest. In contrast, other scorpion species often keep their tails raised above their backs. These scorpions are also adept climbers and can scale various surfaces like walls and trees.
Understanding Scorpion Stings
When an Arizona Bark Scorpion stings, it injects venom containing neurotoxins that disrupt the nervous system. The most immediate symptom is often intense pain at the sting site, which can be accompanied by numbness and tingling that may spread throughout the affected limb or even the body. While localized pain is common, severe symptoms can develop, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, older adults, or individuals with compromised immune systems.
More severe reactions can include muscle twitching, spasms, or even convulsions, along with abnormal head, eye, and neck movements. Some individuals may experience difficulty breathing, excessive salivation, visual disturbances, or difficulty swallowing. Although fatalities are rare, the venom can cause significant distress and require medical attention. Symptoms typically improve within 24 to 72 hours, though some lingering effects like mild swelling or numbness may persist longer.
Responding to a Scorpion Sting
If stung by a scorpion, it is important to move away from the scorpion to prevent further stings, as scorpions can sting multiple times. Clean the sting site gently with soap and water to reduce the risk of infection. Applying a cool compress or ice pack to the affected area for up to 10 minutes at a time can help alleviate pain and swelling.
For pain management, acetaminophen can be used, but aspirin or ibuprofen should be avoided as they may worsen bruising or bleeding. It is recommended to contact a poison control center immediately for guidance. Seek professional medical attention, especially if the person stung is a child or elderly, or if severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, uncontrolled muscle movements, or widespread numbness occur. Antivenom is available in Arizona and can effectively neutralize the venom, leading to rapid symptom resolution in severe cases.
Preventing Scorpion Encounters
Reducing scorpion encounters around your home involves several practical strategies. Seal any gaps or cracks in doors, windows, walls, and foundations, as scorpions can squeeze through very small openings, even as thin as a credit card. Ensure doors and windows are closed as much as possible and consider installing weatherstripping and door sweeps. Keeping the yard clean of debris such as woodpiles, rocks, and leaf litter eliminates hiding spots for scorpions.
Trim bushes and trees away from the house walls to prevent scorpions from using them as bridges to access your home. Addressing moisture issues, such as fixing leaky hoses or faucets, is also beneficial, as scorpions are attracted to damp areas. Managing other pest populations, like crickets and roaches, can reduce the scorpions’ food supply, making your home less appealing to them.