Pelicans are present in Indiana, though they are not year-round residents. These large waterbirds are primarily seasonal visitors.
Pelican Presence and Species in Indiana
The primary pelican species found in Indiana is the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). These impressive birds are migratory visitors, passing through the state during seasonal movements between breeding grounds and wintering areas. Suitable wetland habitats and abundant fish populations make Indiana an appealing stopover point.
American White Pelicans are among the largest birds in North America. They can measure between 50 and 70 inches in length and possess an expansive wingspan that ranges from 95 to 120 inches, making it the second-largest wingspan of any North American bird after the California condor. Their plumage is almost entirely white, contrasting with black primary and secondary flight feathers that are mainly visible when the bird is in flight. A large, flat bill with a substantial throat sac characterizes their head, which turns vivid orange during the breeding season.
American White Pelicans are known for their cooperative feeding behavior. Unlike some other pelican species, they do not plunge-dive for fish. Instead, they scoop fish from the water’s surface, often working in groups to herd fish into shallow areas. This collaborative strategy allows them to efficiently capture fish and other aquatic organisms. While the American White Pelican is the most common, the Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) has been recorded as a rare visitor.
Where and When to Observe Them
American White Pelicans prefer large, shallow freshwater lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and major rivers with open water. These habitats provide them with ample foraging opportunities and resting areas during their migratory journeys. They can often be found on sandbars or small islands within sloughs and backwaters.
The best seasons for observing American White Pelicans in Indiana are during their spring and fall migrations. They typically migrate through the state from February through March and again from October through November. During these periods, large flocks can be seen stopping to rest and feed. Specific locations where sightings have been common include Goose Pond Fish & Wildlife Area, which has become a significant stopover area, as well as Indiana Dunes State Park and Eagle Creek Park.
When observing pelicans, maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbance. Ethical birdwatching practices include staying on designated trails, avoiding loud noises, and refraining from approaching or flushing the birds. Using binoculars or spotting scopes allows for close observation without causing stress.