Owls are indeed present in Illinois, making the state a fascinating place for observing these nocturnal birds of prey. These creatures, known for their silent flight and keen senses, inhabit various landscapes across Illinois. Their presence adds a unique dimension to the state’s wildlife, offering glimpses into a world typically hidden after dusk.
Illinois’ Owl Residents
Illinois is home to several owl species, each with distinct features and vocalizations. The Great Horned Owl, a large and widespread species, can be identified by its prominent ear tufts and deep, rhythmic “hoo-hoo-hooo-hoo-hoo” hoot. Another common resident is the Barred Owl, recognized by its round head, dark eyes, and a characteristic call often described as “Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you-all?” It has mottled brown and white plumage with barring across its chest.
The Eastern Screech-Owl is a smaller species, appearing in gray or reddish-brown color phases, with small ear tufts. Its vocalizations include a distinctive, descending trill resembling a horse’s whinny and an even-pitched tremolo. Barn Owls, although endangered in Illinois, are striking with their white, heart-shaped faces and pale plumage. They do not hoot; instead, they emit a long, harsh screech or hiss.
Winter brings other owl species to Illinois, including the Short-eared Owl and Long-eared Owl. Short-eared Owls are medium-sized, mottled brown owls often seen hunting in open fields during daylight hours. Their call can be hoots or a scratchy bark.
Long-eared Owls are slender with long ear tufts, found in dense wooded areas near open grasslands. Their calls include a soft, deep “whoo” and a bleating sound. The Snowy Owl, a large, predominantly white owl, is a rare winter visitor to northern and central Illinois, known for its silent presence and occasional croaking sounds.
Owl Habitats and Observation
Owls in Illinois occupy a variety of habitats. Great Horned Owls are highly adaptable, found in woodlands, wetlands, and even suburban areas. Barred Owls typically prefer dense, mature forests, especially near water sources. Eastern Screech-Owls inhabit woodlands, wetlands, and suburban parks. Barn Owls, being endangered, primarily use open grasslands, agricultural fields, and old structures like barns.
Observing owls often requires patience and timing, as most species are nocturnal. Winter months can offer better opportunities to spot certain species, as migratory owls visit Illinois, and deciduous trees lose their leaves, making resident owls more visible. Signs of owl presence include finding owl pellets—regurgitated undigested prey remains—or “whitewash,” which is owl droppings, under roosting trees. These indicators can help locate an owl’s roost or nesting site.
Responsible Owl Watching
Observing owls requires ethical practices to ensure their well-being. Maintaining a respectful distance to avoid disturbing owls, especially when nesting or roosting. Approaching too closely can cause stress and may lead them to abandon nests.
Using flash photography should be avoided, as sudden bright lights can disorient and harm an owl’s sensitive night vision. It is also important to never disturb nests or roosting sites. Owls are protected under state and federal laws, such as the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits harming them or disturbing their habitats.
Feeding owls or attempting to call them in using artificial means like playback calls or baiting can disrupt their natural behaviors and make them dependent on humans, which is detrimental to their survival. If an injured owl is encountered, contacting local wildlife authorities or a licensed rehabilitator is the appropriate action rather than attempting to intervene directly.