Florida’s diverse ecosystems, ranging from dense swamps to coastal scrub, provide suitable niches for numerous bird species, including several types of owls. Florida is home to at least four resident owl species, with others appearing as seasonal visitors during the winter months. This guide details the most common native owls and explains where they can be found across the state.
Identifying Florida’s Owl Species
Four species are most commonly observed year-round, distinguishable by size, plumage, and vocalizations. The largest resident is the Great Horned Owl, a powerful bird reaching up to 25 inches in height. It is known for its prominent ear tufts and large yellow eyes. Its call is a deep, rhythmic series of four to five hoots, often described as a low-pitched “hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo.”
The Barred Owl is another large species, measuring between 16 and 24 inches tall, but it lacks ear tufts. This owl has a round head, dark eyes, and distinctive brown and white plumage. Its feathers feature vertical streaking on the belly and horizontal barring on the chest. The Barred Owl is one of the most vocal species, with its familiar call often sounding like the phrase, “Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you all?”
The Eastern Screech Owl is one of Florida’s smaller owls, standing 6 to 10 inches tall. These raptors have small, pointed ear tufts and exhibit two color morphs: reddish-brown or mottled gray. Both phases provide exceptional camouflage against tree bark. Instead of a screech, their call is a descending whinny or a soft, trilled hoot, often heard in suburban neighborhoods.
The Burrowing Owl is the state’s most unique resident, easily identified by its long legs, bright yellow eyes, and lack of ear tufts. This small owl, 7 to 10 inches tall, spends most of its time on the ground. Its sandy brown feathers help it blend into the open landscape. Unlike the other species, the Burrowing Owl is often active during the day, and its common call is a soft, dual-note hoot.
Habitat and Geographic Distribution
The distribution of these owls is closely tied to the specific habitats found throughout the Florida peninsula. Barred Owls prefer dense, mature forests, especially those near water sources like cypress swamps and river bottoms. They are common in the state’s central and northern wooded areas. Their preference for large trees and cavities dictates their location in undisturbed environments.
Great Horned Owls are highly adaptable and found across the entire state in a variety of environments, including large parks, rural areas, and wooded suburbs. They can be found wherever there are tall trees for nesting and roosting, often choosing mature pines. Eastern Screech Owls also thrive near human development, frequently inhabiting wooded parks and residential areas where they utilize tree cavities and nest boxes.
The Burrowing Owl occupies a distinct niche, favoring open, treeless habitats with short groundcover. They are primarily found in dry prairies, rangelands, airports, golf courses, and vacant lots in urban settings. They dig or use existing underground burrows for nesting. Cape Coral in Southwest Florida is known for having one of the largest populations of this species, which is classified as State Threatened.
Responsible Owl Observation
Observing these birds requires patience and adherence to ethical practices to prevent disturbance. Since most Florida owls are nocturnal, the best time for observation is around dusk or dawn, or by listening for their vocalizations at night. Familiarizing yourself with their specific calls is more effective than trying to spot them visually, as their camouflage is exceptional.
If you locate an owl, maintain a significant distance to avoid causing stress, which may prevent them from hunting or resting. For small species like the Burrowing Owl, stay at least 33 feet away from the burrow site, especially during the nesting season (February to July). Never use flash photography at night, as it can temporarily impair a nocturnal raptor’s vision.
All native owls are protected by federal and state regulations, including the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. This act prohibits the harassment or disturbance of the birds, their nests, or their eggs. Any behavior that alters an owl’s natural actions, such as approaching too closely or attempting to feed them, constitutes harassment. If an owl is paying attention to your presence, you are likely too close and should move away immediately.