North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) are present in Missouri. These semi-aquatic mammals have successfully re-established populations across the state. Their return to Missouri’s waterways represents a positive indicator for the health of aquatic ecosystems.
Missouri’s Otter Species and Presence
North American river otters are well-adapted for life in and around water. They possess streamlined bodies, fully webbed feet, and long, tapered tails that aid in swimming. Their dense, oily fur helps insulate them from cold water, and their ears and nose can close when submerged. River otters typically weigh between 10 and 30 pounds and can reach lengths of 35.5 to 53 inches, including their tails. These otters are now widespread, inhabiting every county in Missouri.
Historical Comeback of Otters
River otters were once common throughout Missouri’s major streams, wetlands, and natural ponds. However, by 1936, habitat degradation and unregulated trapping severely reduced their numbers.
Beginning in 1982, the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) initiated a reintroduction program. Over an 11-year period, 845 otters were released into 43 streams across 35 counties. This concerted conservation effort led to a significant increase in their numbers, with populations peaking between 15,000 and 18,000 animals by the early 2000s. The success of this reintroduction highlights improvements in water and habitat quality across Missouri.
Where Otters Thrive in Missouri
Otters in Missouri inhabit a variety of aquatic environments, including streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. They are found statewide, dependent on access to water and sufficient food sources. Preferred den sites often include abandoned beaver lodges, log jams, or burrows on levees, pond dams, or river banks. Otters utilize riparian vegetation for resting and shelter. While mostly nocturnal, otters can be active at any time of day.
Observing Otters Responsibly
Observing otters in their natural habitat can be a rewarding experience. Look for signs of their presence, such as slides on muddy or snowy banks. You might also find “latrine” sites, where otters regularly deposit scat. Otters are social animals that communicate through various vocalizations.
When viewing otters, maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbing them and interfering with natural behaviors. Never attempt to feed wild otters, as this can alter their behavior or lead to reliance on humans. Ethical wildlife viewing prioritizes the well-being of the animals, ensuring minimal impact on their habitat and daily routines.