Many people wonder about the presence of “no-see-ums” in their local environment. These tiny, biting insects can disrupt outdoor enjoyment with their irritating bites. Understanding where they reside and how they behave is important for minimizing their impact. This article addresses common questions about no-see-ums, especially concerning their presence in Ohio.
Presence of No-See-Ums in Ohio
Biting midges, commonly known as “no-see-ums,” are found in Ohio. These minute flies, typically less than 1/16 inch (1-3 millimeters), are difficult to spot due to their small size and light coloration. Species like Culicoides sonorensis are present in the state. These insects can impact wildlife by transmitting diseases such as epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in Ohio’s deer populations.
Understanding Ohio’s Biting Midges
Adult no-see-ums are small, grayish flies that possess distinct patterned wings covered with dense hairs. Their bites are often described as burning sensations that develop into small red dots or raised welts, frequently accompanied by intense itching. These insects utilize specialized piercing mouthparts to lacerate skin and access blood.
The life cycle of a no-see-um involves four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult, a process known as complete metamorphosis. Female midges require a blood meal to produce eggs, which they lay in moist environments. Larvae develop in damp substrates such as mud at the edges of ponds, lakes, streams, tree holes, or other wet organic matter. The entire cycle can span from two to six weeks, though it may extend up to a year depending on the specific species and environmental conditions.
Within Ohio, these midges thrive in warm, humid conditions, particularly near water sources. They are commonly found near ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams, marshy areas, or wooded environments. Their preferred breeding sites also include moist soil rich in organic content, such as decaying leaves or manure. No-see-ums are most active around dawn and dusk, and on cloudy days when wind speeds are low.
Protecting Yourself from No-See-Um Bites
To minimize exposure to no-see-um bites, several preventative measures can be taken. Applying insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus to exposed skin is effective. Some individuals also find repellents with essential oils like lemon, eucalyptus, mint, camphor, or citronella helpful. Wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and pants, can create a physical barrier against bites.
Ensuring window and door screens have a fine mesh (smaller than 16-mesh) can prevent these tiny insects from entering indoor spaces. Limiting outdoor activities during peak no-see-um hours, typically dawn and dusk, also reduces the chance of bites. Avoiding known breeding grounds, such as wet or boggy spots, is also effective. Fans can deter these weak-flying insects from congregating in outdoor living areas.
If bites occur, prompt treatment can help alleviate discomfort. Washing the affected area with soap and water is a beneficial first step. Applying ice or cold compresses can reduce itching and swelling. Over-the-counter anti-itch creams, such as hydrocortisone or antihistamine gels, provide relief.
Oral antihistamines can also help manage widespread itching. A paste made from baking soda mixed with water, witch hazel, or vinegar can further soothe irritated skin. Avoid scratching the bites to prevent skin damage and potential infection.