Mountain lions are present in Yellowstone National Park, though they are rarely observed by visitors. These elusive predators are a native species within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, playing a significant part in the park’s natural processes. Their presence indicates a healthy and balanced environment, showcasing the park’s rich biodiversity.
Where Mountain Lions Live in Yellowstone
Mountain lions, also known as cougars or pumas, inhabit various parts of Yellowstone National Park, with a notable concentration in the northern range. This area provides their preferred environment, characterized by rugged terrain, dense forests, and ample cover.
Estimating the exact number of mountain lions in Yellowstone is challenging due to their solitary habits and expansive territories. Recent surveys suggest an estimated population of 34 to 42 mountain lions within the northern range. These numbers can fluctuate based on factors like prey availability and natural attrition. Mountain lions were largely eliminated from the park in the early 20th century but naturally reestablished a year-round population in the northern part of Yellowstone during the 1980s.
Their Role in the Ecosystem
Mountain lions are top predators in the Yellowstone ecosystem, helping to maintain ecological balance. Their primary diet consists of large ungulates such as elk and deer, but they also prey on smaller mammals like mule deer, bighorn sheep, marmots, rodents, and rabbits. By preying on these animals, mountain lions help regulate herbivore populations, which in turn prevents overgrazing and supports the health of plant communities and overall biodiversity.
These predators are mostly solitary, relying on ambush tactics to secure their prey. They are often most active during dawn and dusk, coinciding with the peak activity of their primary food sources. Mountain lions tend to leave a significant portion of their kills intact, providing a substantial food source for a wide array of scavengers, including beetles, birds, bears, and wolves. Researchers refer to mountain lions as “ecosystem engineers” because their kills contribute to soil chemistry and create micro-habitats for numerous organisms, profoundly influencing the broader ecosystem.
Safety When Visiting Yellowstone
While mountain lion attacks are extremely rare, visitors to Yellowstone National Park should be aware of safety guidelines. The park encourages visitors to take precautions, especially since mountain lions are elusive and typically avoid human contact.
When hiking, it is advisable to travel in groups and make noise to alert any animals to your presence. If you are with children, keep them close, as mountain lions may be drawn to their smaller size and erratic movements. In the unlikely event of an encounter, it is important to avoid running, as this can trigger a chase instinct in the animal. Instead:
- Stand tall and make yourself appear as large as possible by raising your arms or opening your jacket.
- Maintain eye contact.
- Speak firmly and loudly.
- Slowly back away, giving the animal space to retreat.
- If an attack occurs, fight back with any available objects, such as rocks or sticks, aiming for the animal’s face or head.
- Carrying bear spray can also be a useful deterrent in such rare situations.