The presence of mountain lions in Indiana often sparks curiosity and debate. While sightings are reported periodically, understanding their status requires looking at their historical range and current ecological dynamics.
Current Status of Mountain Lions in Indiana
Indiana wildlife agencies state there is no established breeding population of mountain lions in the state. Sightings are attributed to transient animals, often young males, dispersing from Western states. These individuals can travel significant distances seeking new territories.
Mountain lions are classified as an exotic mammal in Indiana, meaning they are not native to the current ecosystem. While the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR) tracks sightings, most prove to be misidentifications or are inconclusive.
Historical Presence and Confirmed Sightings
Mountain lions, also known as cougar, puma, or catamount, were once native to the eastern United States, including Indiana. They were extirpated from Indiana by the late 1800s, meaning local populations were eliminated. For many decades, no confirmed presences of these animals occurred in the state.
However, a few modern sightings have been confirmed with verifiable evidence. The Indiana DNR confirmed a mountain lion in southern Clay County in fall 2009 and another in northern Greene County in spring 2010. These confirmations relied on clear photographs or other physical evidence, representing isolated incidents rather than a re-established resident population.
Distinguishing Mountain Lions from Other Wildlife
Many reported mountain lion sightings are misidentifications of other common Indiana wildlife, such as bobcats, large domestic cats, or coyotes. Mountain lions are notably larger, typically weighing 80 to 160 pounds, with males reaching up to 220 pounds and females up to 140 pounds. They measure 7 to 8 feet in length, including their distinctive long, rope-like tail, which can be 2 to 3 feet long.
Their coat is uniformly tan or tawny in color, lacking spots or stripes, though kittens are born with spots that fade. Bobcats are considerably smaller, weighing 15 to 35 pounds and measuring 30 to 50 inches long, characterized by a short, “bobbed” tail and often a spotted coat. Observing the animal’s size, tail length, and uniform color helps differentiate a mountain lion from other animals.
Encountering a Mountain Lion
Encountering a mountain lion in Indiana is rare due to their transient status, but it is wise to know how to react to any large wild animal. If you encounter one, remain calm and avoid running, as this can trigger a chase instinct. Instead, make yourself appear as large as possible by raising your arms or opening your jacket, and make noise to deter the animal.
Maintain eye contact and slowly back away, giving the animal space to retreat. If an attack occurs, fight back aggressively. Report any potential mountain lion sighting to the Indiana DNR, providing details like clear photos or evidence such as tracks with measurements, to assist in documentation and verification.