Montana is home to a notable population of moose, large ungulates. The state’s diverse landscapes provide suitable environments for moose, particularly the Shiras subspecies, which is the smallest of the North American moose varieties. Montana offers opportunities to observe moose in their natural settings.
Where Moose Roam in Montana
Moose in Montana primarily inhabit the western half of the state, favoring areas with specific environmental features. Key regions include the Cabinet-Salish Mountains in the northwest and the Big Hole Valley in the southwest. The Rocky Mountain Front also supports moose populations, as do the Bitterroot Mountains, the Swan Valley, and the Flathead region. These locations offer expansive mountain valleys, willow-choked creeks, and dense forests attractive to moose.
Moose also occupy forested landscapes ranging from regenerating areas within mesic forests to extensive willow fen habitats. In eastern Montana, they can be found in prairie landscapes, particularly near wetlands, along the Missouri River, and in other riparian corridors that support healthy willow communities. These areas provide the vegetation and water sources moose need.
Moose Habitat and Numbers
Moose thrive in conditions with abundant forage and water. Their preferred habitats include riparian areas, which are zones along rivers and streams, and extensive willow thickets. Coniferous forests and wetlands are also important habitats, offering both cover and food. As herbivores, their diet consists of woody plants like willow and aquatic vegetation.
A 10-year study by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks provided insights into the state’s moose population. It estimated statewide abundance at 9,800 to 11,700 animals. The research concluded that moose numbers in Montana are stable to increasing in representative regions. The study also highlighted that nutritional forage availability impacts moose population growth.
Safe Encounters and Viewing
Observing moose in the wild can be rewarding, but requires responsible wildlife viewing practices. Maintain a safe distance from moose, as they are large and powerful animals. Avoid approaching calves entirely, as mother moose can become defensive if they perceive a threat. Startling a moose can provoke an undesirable reaction, so move slowly and quietly if one is spotted.
If an accidental encounter occurs and a moose appears agitated or aggressive, back away slowly. Signs of agitation include laid-back ears, raised hair on the neck, or a lowered head. If a moose charges, attempt to get behind a large tree or other sturdy obstacle for protection. Respecting wildlife and their space ensures safety for all.