Moose are present in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (UP), inhabiting its forested and wetland environments. While once facing significant declines, efforts have supported their presence. The UP provides the ecological conditions for moose to survive and thrive.
Current Status of Moose in the UP
Moose were historically widespread in Michigan, but their numbers declined by the late 1800s due to hunting and habitat alteration. Early reintroduction attempts in the 1930s were unsuccessful. A successful reintroduction, the “Moose Lift,” occurred in 1985 and 1987, when 59 moose from Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, were released in the western UP. This initiative aimed to establish a self-sustaining population.
The DNR has conducted biennial aerial surveys of the western UP’s moose population since 1997. The 2023 survey estimated the western UP population at approximately 426 individuals (range: 334-518). This was not statistically different from the 2019 estimate of 509, indicating a plateau in growth. While the population grew steadily by 10% annually between 1997 and 2007, growth has slowed to less than 1% per year since 2009.
A smaller group (fewer than 100) also exists in the eastern UP, in Alger, Schoolcraft, Luce, and Chippewa counties. These moose have been observed since the 1950s but are not formally surveyed by the DNR. Moose population health and trends are continually monitored to understand influencing factors.
Where to Find Moose in the UP
Moose are primarily found in remote, forested areas, favoring boreal forests, wetlands, and seasonal snow cover. These environments provide forage and cover. They consume aquatic vegetation like water lilies in warmer months, and woody browse such as willow, birch, and aspen in winter.
The western UP’s moose range covers approximately 1,400 square miles across parts of Marquette, Baraga, and Iron counties. Sightings are more likely around Van Riper State Park, Tracy Creek Road, Peshekee Grade Road, and near Ishpeming, Republic, Champion, Michigamme, and Three Lakes. The Michigamme Highlands are known for good moose habitat, characterized by heavy snowfall and suitable vegetation.
While the western UP holds the densest population, moose are also in the eastern UP. Luce County, especially around Tahquamenon Falls State Park and north of Newberry, is a significant area for sightings. This region boasts extensive public lands and numerous rivers, providing ideal conditions. Early morning and evening hours offer increased chances of encountering moose.
Conservation and Management Efforts
The DNR monitors and protects the UP moose population. Since 1997, the DNR has conducted biennial aerial surveys in winter to estimate population size and trends, flying over moose habitat in Marquette, Baraga, and Iron counties. This method allows biologists to count moose against the snow, providing data for population models.
To understand factors affecting moose population growth, the DNR, with the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community and Northern Michigan University, initiated a research project. This study involves fitting moose with GPS collars to track movements, survival, and reproductive success. Researchers aim to collar 60 moose over two years (20 in the first year) to gather location data and insights into mortality and pregnancy rates.
These efforts aim to ensure the long-term viability of Michigan’s moose population. Survey and research data informs management strategies. Michigan has not allowed a moose hunting season for over 120 years due to low numbers. The Moose Hunting Advisory Council recommends a hunt only if the population maintains a 3% annual growth rate. Current research aims to address why growth has stagnated, which is below the initial projection of 1,000 animals by 2000.