Moose are present in Michigan, though their distribution is not widespread. While they once roamed across much of the state, current populations are concentrated in specific northern regions. This presence offers unique opportunities for wildlife viewing, necessitating an understanding of their habitat and behavior for safe interactions.
Moose Presence and Distribution
Moose are primarily found in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (UP), which provides the boreal forest environments they prefer. Two main populations exist: one in the western UP and another smaller group in the eastern UP. The western population ranges across parts of Marquette, Baraga, and Iron counties. The eastern population is found in Alger, Schoolcraft, Luce, and Chippewa counties, with Luce County, particularly the Newberry area, known for more frequent sightings. Moose thrive in habitats characterized by young trees and dense shrubs, often near water sources. These environments include cedar swamps, marshes, and alder-willow thickets. Isle Royale, an island in Lake Superior, also supports a distinct moose herd.
Population Trends and History
Moose are native to Michigan, historically present statewide except the southwestern Lower Peninsula. By the late 1800s, their numbers drastically declined due to widespread logging, extensive hunting, and the impact of brainworm, a parasite carried by white-tailed deer. An unsuccessful reintroduction attempt occurred in the 1930s, moving 71 moose from Isle Royale to the UP mainland, as translocated animals were in poor health and susceptible to disease.
A more successful reintroduction effort occurred in the mid-1980s, when 59 moose were airlifted from Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada, to the western Upper Peninsula. The western UP population grew steadily by about 10% annually from 1997 to 2007. However, since 2009, this growth rate has slowed to less than 1% per year, with the population stagnating at an estimated 400 to 500 animals. The 2023 survey estimated the western UP population at 426 (between 334 and 518). Factors contributing to this plateau include vehicle collisions, predation, diseases, malnutrition, and parasites like brainworm and winter ticks.
Viewing Opportunities and Safety
The Upper Peninsula offers the best opportunities for moose observation, with early morning and evening hours providing the highest chances. Prime viewing locations include Van Riper State Park (western UP) and Tahquamenon Falls State Park and the Seney National Wildlife Refuge (eastern UP). Luce County is particularly noted as the “Moose Capital of Michigan” due to its frequent sightings.
Observing moose requires adherence to safety guidelines. Always maintain a considerable distance from moose and never attempt to approach or feed them. Moose can display warning signs of agitation, such as lowering their head, raising neck hair, licking their snout, or pinning their ears back. If a moose exhibits such behaviors, slowly back away.
If a moose charges, seek immediate cover behind a solid object like a tree or vehicle. If knocked down, curl into a ball, protect your head, and remain still until the animal moves away. Keep dogs leashed, as moose perceive them as predators and may react aggressively. Cows with calves and bulls during the fall breeding season can be particularly defensive.