Moose are present in Massachusetts. These large mammals have successfully re-established a breeding population within the state. Massachusetts offers suitable environments for their continued presence.
Current Distribution and Habitat
Moose are primarily found in the central and western regions of Massachusetts, including areas like the Berkshires and Central Highlands, where elevations are higher. They favor young, regenerating forests, which provide abundant woody browse for their diet. These areas often result from logging, wind events, or beaver activity, creating new plant growth.
In warmer months, moose frequently use wetlands to cool themselves and find relief from insects. Wetlands also offer aquatic vegetation, a valuable food source. During winter, their diet shifts to buds, twigs, and bark from various trees, including needle-bearing species. These habitats provide dense cover for shelter and open areas for foraging throughout the year.
Population Trends and History
Historically, moose roamed Massachusetts. By the early 1700s, unregulated hunting and widespread forest clearing for agriculture led to their disappearance. As agricultural practices shifted westward in the 1800s, forests regrew across New England, allowing moose to gradually expand their range south from neighboring states. A breeding population re-established in Massachusetts around the 1980s.
The Massachusetts moose population is estimated to be between 1,000 and 1,500 individuals. While numbers in some northern New England states have declined, Massachusetts has seen a relatively stable population since its peak around 2004. Factors such as winter ticks and brainworm, a parasite carried by deer, can affect moose health. But the lower density of moose in Massachusetts may mitigate some of these impacts compared to other regions.
Encountering Moose Safely
Moose are immense animals, with males reaching up to 6 feet tall at the shoulder and weighing over 1,000 pounds. Despite their size, they can be surprisingly elusive, often most active at dawn and dusk. If you encounter a moose while hiking or driving, maintain a safe distance and avoid startling the animal. Typically, a moose will move away on its own.
Particular caution is warranted during the fall breeding season (September to October), when bulls can be unpredictable as they seek mates. In late May and early June, cows are highly protective of their newborn calves. Never attempt to approach or pursue a moose, as this can stress the animal and potentially lead to it running into traffic or crowds. If a moose appears in a densely populated area, contact MassWildlife or the Environmental Police for guidance.
Moose-vehicle collisions are a significant concern due to the animal’s dark coat and height. Their eyes are positioned higher than deer, meaning headlights often do not reflect, making them harder to spot at night. Because of their long legs, a moose’s body often impacts the windshield in a collision, which can be extremely dangerous. Drivers should be especially alert in known moose areas, particularly at night, and consider slowing down to allow more reaction time.