Moose are a prominent part of Maine’s wildlife. They are a significant draw for visitors and a symbol of the state’s expansive wilderness.
Moose Presence and Distribution in Maine
Moose are found across Maine, with their highest concentrations in the western and northern regions. These areas include the Western Lakes and Mountains, the Kennebec Valley, the Maine Highlands, and Aroostook County. The state’s vast northern forestlands provide ideal habitat due to abundant regenerating trees and shrubs, which are a primary food source.
Moose thrive in areas with a mix of hardwoods and softwoods, finding both food and shade. They frequently inhabit wetlands, rivers, ponds, and boggy areas, where they can feed on aquatic plants. Commercial timber harvesting practices in Maine’s forests contribute to a continuous supply of young vegetation, which supports the moose population.
Maine’s Moose Population
Maine holds one of the largest moose populations in the contiguous United States, with estimates ranging from 60,000 to 70,000 animals. While the population is considered stable in its core habitats, it faces challenges.
A factor influencing moose numbers is the winter tick. Thousands of these parasites can infest a single moose, leading to severe blood loss, hair loss, and compromised health, particularly in calves. Warmer, shorter winters contribute to increased winter tick survival and greater infestation rates, impacting calf survival and adult cow reproduction. The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW) monitors these trends and implements management strategies, including exploring reduced moose densities in some areas, to address winter tick effects and support a healthier population.
Viewing Moose Safely
For those hoping to observe moose, the best times are at dusk and dawn, as moose are most active during these cooler periods. Late spring through early summer (mid-May to July) and the fall mating season (September and October) also offer increased sighting opportunities. During summer, moose often seek out water bodies to feed on aquatic plants and escape insects.
Prime viewing locations include the Moosehead Lake region, Baxter State Park, and areas along logging roads and wetlands in northern and western Maine. Specific routes like Route 201 (“Moose Alley”), Route 27 between Carrabassett and Eustis, and the Golden Road are also known for sightings. When encountering a moose, it is important to maintain a safe distance, at least 50 yards, and never approach them, especially cows with calves or bulls during the fall rut.
If driving, exercise caution, particularly at dawn and dusk, as moose are large and their dark coats make them difficult to see. Their height means their eyes may not reflect headlights like smaller animals. If a moose is in or near the roadway, slow down, stay in your vehicle, and allow the animal to move away on its own. Never attempt to feed or interact with wild moose.