Moose, the largest members of the deer family, are found across Idaho’s diverse landscapes. They offer unique viewing opportunities for residents and visitors. Understanding their presence, habitats, population dynamics, and safety guidelines enhances appreciation for these animals.
Confirming Idaho’s Moose Presence
Idaho provides a suitable environment for the Shiras moose subspecies (Alces alces shirasi), native to the Rocky Mountains. Their range has expanded from northern and eastern Idaho to cover much of the state, excluding the southwest corner. This expansion highlights Idaho’s capacity to support moose, with its vast wilderness and varied ecosystems. Moose are an established part of Idaho’s wildlife, valued by hunters and non-hunters.
Moose are large, solitary mammals; males stand up to 6.5 feet at the shoulder and weigh over 1,000 pounds. Their pendulous snout, distinctive bell of skin, and palmate antlers in males make them easily recognizable. They are well-adapted to cooler climates, as their large size and insulating fur make warm temperatures challenging.
Prime Moose Habitats in Idaho
Moose utilize habitats like coniferous forests, mixed aspen and conifer forests, and riparian cottonwood and willow communities. These areas provide food and cover year-round. Northern Idaho’s dense forests and wetlands are suitable, offering protective cover and ample vegetation. Lakes and rivers are also important for their diet and cooling.
Moose sightings are common at the Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge near Bonners Ferry in northern Idaho. Southeastern and central Idaho also host moose, with concentrations in the South Hills near Twin Falls and other southern mountain ranges. Moose are browsers, feeding on leaves, twigs, bark, and aquatic plants like water lilies, abundant in wetland-rich environments. They will even hold their heads underwater for up to a minute to graze on submerged vegetation.
Understanding Idaho’s Moose Population
Idaho’s moose population grew during the 1980s and 1990s, peaking around the late 1990s or early 2000s with estimates of 10,000 to 12,000 animals. Since then, survey data indicates a decline in some areas, though populations have expanded elsewhere. This trend has led to reduced hunting opportunities in some regions.
Factors influencing moose numbers include predation from wolves, habitat changes from development and timber harvest, and climate change. Disease and parasites, such as ticks, also play a role. The Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) manages moose populations, focusing on improving techniques to estimate population size and productivity. The 2020-2025 Moose Management Plan aims to increase knowledge about moose survival, habitat use, and environmental factors.
Moose Encounters and Safety
Moose are solitary and not typically aggressive, but can become unpredictable if disturbed or threatened. Maintain a safe distance of at least 150 feet when observing a moose. Cows with calves are protective and can be dangerous.
Recognizing warning signs like ears laid back, hair standing up, foot stomping, grunting, or snorting can prevent negative encounters. If a moose appears agitated, put a large object, such as a tree or car, between yourself and the animal. Vehicle collisions are also a concern, especially during dawn and dusk when moose are active and harder to see. If a moose is encountered within city limits or near roadways, contact the local Idaho Fish and Game office or law enforcement.