The Bobcat, scientifically known as Lynx rufus, is a common wild feline found throughout Arizona, making it the only member of the Lynx genus to reside in the state. While the name “lynx” often brings to mind the larger, northern species, the Bobcat is the resident Arizona representative of this group of cats. The Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) does not inhabit this region, as its range is restricted to the colder, boreal forests of the northern United States and Canada. This widespread presence confirms the Bobcat is the species a person is most likely to encounter in the diverse Arizona landscape.
The Definitive Answer: Which Lynx Species Resides in Arizona?
The Bobcat (Lynx rufus) is the only species of the genus Lynx that makes Arizona its permanent home. Although four species belong to this genus globally, the Bobcat is the southernmost in distribution among the North American members. This feline is often colloquially referred to as a “lynx cat” because it is a true member of the Lynx genus, sharing many physical characteristics with its relatives.
The taxonomic classification places the Bobcat alongside the Canada Lynx, the Eurasian Lynx, and the Iberian Lynx, explaining the common name confusion. However, the Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) is not found in Arizona. That species is highly specialized for deep snow environments and primarily preys on the snowshoe hare, a prey base and habitat type not present in Arizona.
The Bobcat, by contrast, thrives in the arid and semi-arid conditions that dominate the state, illustrating its adaptability compared to its cold-adapted cousin. Its scientific name, Lynx rufus, translates to “red lynx,” hinting at the coloration often observed in the species. The Bobcat’s prevalence throughout a wide range of habitats solidifies its status as the definitive Arizona lynx.
Identifying the Arizona Lynx: Key Physical Traits
The Bobcat is easily recognized by several distinct physical characteristics, differentiating it from other Arizona felines like the Mountain Lion or domestic cats. Its most defining feature is its namesake: the short, black-tipped tail that appears “bobbed” or cut short. This tail typically measures between 4 and 8 inches in length and features a black band on the top surface near the tip, with white fur on the underside.
In terms of size, the Bobcat is smaller than a Canada Lynx, generally weighing between 15 and 35 pounds and standing about 12 to 24 inches at the shoulder. Its coat exhibits considerable color variation across Arizona, ranging from pale gray or tan in desert regions to a more reddish-brown in wooded areas. Most individuals display dark spots or bars, which provide effective camouflage across various environments.
The Bobcat possesses a prominent ruff of facial hair around its cheeks and short, black-tipped ears that often have small tufts. These ear tufts are less pronounced than the long, dark tufts seen on the Canada Lynx. The hind legs of a Bobcat are also longer than its front legs, contributing to a slightly sloped posture and powerful jumping ability.
Distribution and Preferred Habitat
The Bobcat’s success in Arizona stems directly from its adaptability, allowing it to inhabit nearly every major biome in the state. This species is found from the lowest desert scrublands and Sonoran Desert floor to the mid-elevation chaparral and pine forests of the mountains. Its presence is essentially state-wide, avoiding only the most extreme, high-elevation alpine zones.
In the southern and central parts of Arizona, Bobcat populations thrive in rocky, rimrock areas and riparian corridors, which offer cover and access to water sources. They are particularly abundant in the rugged, brushy habitats associated with Sonoran desert scrub and interior chaparral. The species has also demonstrated an ability to coexist with humans, frequently appearing in the outskirts of urban areas like Phoenix and Tucson where food and shelter are available.
Their wide distribution contrasts with the restricted ranges of other large carnivores, highlighting their generalist tendencies. Bobcats will use hollow logs, rock crevices, caves, and spaces under decks and sheds as temporary dens or resting spots. This extensive geographic range and habitat flexibility ensure that the Bobcat remains a common, yet often elusive, part of Arizona’s diverse wildlife.