Lymph nodes are present in and around the breast area, part of the body’s immune system. These small, bean-shaped structures are widely distributed, acting as filters within the lymphatic system. Their presence near the breast is normal, contributing to defense mechanisms.
Lymph Node Locations Near the Breast
Lymph nodes are positioned around the breast, forming a network for fluid drainage. The most prominent group is the axillary lymph nodes, located in the armpit region. They drain about 75% of the breast’s lymphatic fluid. There are typically between 20 and 49 axillary lymph nodes, categorized into levels based on their proximity to the pectoralis minor muscle.
Other important groups include the internal mammary lymph nodes, found inside the chest near the breastbone, and the supraclavicular lymph nodes, situated above the collarbone. Infraclavicular lymph nodes, located below the collarbone, can also be involved. This intricate network ensures that lymph fluid from the breast tissue is effectively collected and filtered.
The Role of Lymph Nodes in Your Body
Lymph nodes are integral components of the lymphatic system, part of the immune system. They function as “security checkpoints” that filter lymph, a clear fluid. Within these nodes, immune cells such as lymphocytes (B and T cells) reside. These cells are responsible for identifying and neutralizing foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and abnormal cells, including cancer cells.
Lymph nodes trap these harmful substances, preventing them from spreading to other parts of the body. The immune cells then work to destroy these trapped pathogens and damaged cells. This filtering and immune activation process is crucial for protecting the body from infection and disease.
Understanding Swollen Lymph Nodes
When lymph nodes enlarge, known as lymphadenopathy, it typically signals the body is fighting an infection or illness. This swelling occurs as immune cells accumulate to clear harmful substances. Common causes of swollen lymph nodes include viral infections like the common cold or flu, bacterial infections such as strep throat, and various inflammatory conditions. Often, the swollen nodes will be located near the site of the infection, e.g., neck nodes swelling with a sore throat.
While often benign, swollen lymph nodes can sometimes indicate more serious conditions. In some instances, cancer cells, including those from breast cancer, can spread to and cause swelling in nearby lymph nodes. A swollen lymph node might feel tender or painful, especially if caused by an infection. However, those associated with malignancy might be firm, hard, or fixed, and may not be tender.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Most swollen lymph nodes resolve as the underlying condition improves. However, seek medical attention if a swollen lymph node persists for more than a few weeks or continues to grow. Also consult a doctor if the nodes feel hard, rubbery, or fixed in place, rather than soft and movable.
Other concerning symptoms warranting medical evaluation include unexplained weight loss, persistent fever, night sweats, or skin changes over the breast area. If the swollen node is accompanied by a cough, trouble swallowing, or unusual drainage, a healthcare professional should be consulted. Early evaluation of any persistent or unusual breast changes, including swollen lymph nodes, is important.