Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the body’s immune system. They function as filters, trapping harmful substances as they travel through the lymphatic fluid. These nodes contain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, which help fight off infections and diseases.
Understanding Lymph Nodes Near the Mouth
While no lymph nodes are directly inside the mouth cavity, such as on the tongue or gums, many are strategically positioned in the head and neck region. These nodes are part of a larger network that drains fluid and monitors the health of the oral cavity, face, and throat.
Several key groups of lymph nodes are relevant to oral health. The submandibular lymph nodes are found under the jaw and collect lymph from the cheeks, lips, gums, and parts of the tongue. The submental lymph nodes are located under the chin and drain areas like the lower lip and floor of the mouth. Additionally, cervical lymph nodes, situated along the neck, receive drainage from these submandibular and submental nodes, as well as other parts of the head and neck.
Key Functions of These Lymph Nodes
These nearby lymph nodes maintain overall health by acting as a defense system. Their primary function involves filtering lymph fluid, a clear or yellowish fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system. As lymph passes through these nodes, they trap harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and cellular debris.
Lymph nodes also house immune cells, such as lymphocytes, which identify and destroy foreign invaders, preventing their spread. By acting as a checkpoint and filtration system, the lymph nodes in the head and neck provide an early warning and response mechanism for issues originating in the mouth, throat, or surrounding facial areas.
What Swollen Lymph Nodes Could Mean
Swollen lymph nodes, medically termed lymphadenopathy, often indicate the immune system is actively responding to an infection or inflammation. Most commonly, swelling in the head and neck lymph nodes signals an infection. Common culprits include viral infections like the common cold, flu, or mononucleosis. Bacterial infections, such as strep throat, ear infections, or skin infections, can also lead to swelling.
Dental issues are a frequent cause of swollen lymph nodes near the mouth and jaw. Infections like a tooth abscess or gum disease can trigger an inflammatory response, causing nearby lymph nodes to enlarge. Untreated cavities or canker sores may also lead to swelling as the body fights off bacterial infections. While less common, certain autoimmune diseases or cancers can also cause lymph nodes to swell, though infections are the most frequent reason.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Consult a healthcare professional if you notice swollen lymph nodes under certain circumstances. Seek medical attention if the swelling persists for more than two to four weeks or continues to grow. Nodes that feel hard, rubbery, or do not move when pressed also warrant evaluation.
Accompanying symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, night sweats, fever, or difficulty swallowing or breathing should prompt immediate medical consultation. If swollen lymph nodes appear without clear signs of infection or illness, it is important to get them checked. A healthcare provider can diagnose the cause of the swelling and recommend appropriate treatment.