Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are an important part of the body’s immune system. Distributed throughout the body, they function as filters, trapping substances from the lymphatic fluid. Within these nodes, specialized immune cells identify and neutralize potential threats.
Where Lymph Nodes Are Located
While lymph nodes are present across the body, they are not typically found directly within the labia, the outer folds of skin. Instead, clusters of lymph nodes, known as inguinal lymph nodes, are located in the surrounding groin area. These nodes reside in the crease where the thigh meets the pelvis, in the inner upper thigh region. Both superficial inguinal lymph nodes, positioned closer to the skin’s surface, and deep inguinal lymph nodes are situated deeper within the body.
The superficial inguinal lymph nodes are often palpable, meaning they can sometimes be felt. These nodes drain lymphatic fluid from several areas of the lower body. They receive drainage from the labia, perineum, lower extremities, buttocks, and the lower abdominal wall below the navel. Normal inguinal lymph nodes are typically oval-shaped and can range in size.
Their Purpose in the Body
Lymph nodes, particularly those in the groin region, perform a filtering function within the lymphatic system. They act as checkpoints, intercepting viruses, bacteria, and other harmful substances as lymphatic fluid passes through them. This filtration process helps prevent these foreign invaders from spreading further into the body.
These nodes house various immune cells, including lymphocytes like B-cells and T-cells, and macrophages. B-cells produce antibodies that target specific pathogens, while T-cells contribute to cell-mediated immunity. Macrophages engulf and destroy pathogens. When lymph nodes detect an infection or issue in the areas they drain, the immune cells within them become active and multiply, which can cause the nodes to swell.
When to Notice Changes
Swelling in the groin lymph nodes can occur for various reasons, often indicating the body is responding to an infection or injury in the lower body. Common causes include skin infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), urinary tract infections, and yeast infections. Minor injuries in the area, such as those from shaving, can also lead to temporary swelling.
Less frequently, swollen groin lymph nodes can signal more serious conditions like certain cancers, including vulvar cancer or melanoma, or inflammatory diseases. When examining swollen lymph nodes, note their size; a node larger than 1 centimeter is generally considered abnormal. Other characteristics to observe include tenderness, whether the node is mobile or fixed, and how long the swelling persists.
Consult a healthcare professional if a swollen lymph node in the groin appears without an obvious reason, continues to enlarge, or remains swollen for more than two weeks. Seek medical attention if the node feels hard or does not move when pressed, or if the swelling is accompanied by other symptoms such as a persistent fever, unexplained weight loss, or night sweats. A medical evaluation is necessary for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.