The insect commonly called the kissing bug belongs to the subfamily Triatominae, a group within the larger family of assassin bugs. These true bugs, scientifically known as Triatomine bugs, are nocturnal blood-feeders characterized by their diet of vertebrate blood. They use specialized mouthparts to pierce the host’s skin. This feeding habit can potentially link them to a serious parasitic infection. The nickname “kissing bug” comes from their tendency to bite near the face, often around the lips or eyes, while a person is sleeping.
Are Kissing Bugs Found in Ohio?
A native species of Triatomine bug, Triatoma sanguisuga, known as the Bloodsucking Conenose, is found in Ohio, particularly in the southern regions. This insect is endemic to the area, with its presence documented as far back as 1960. Confirmed reports have been received from several counties, including Athens, Butler, Clermont, and Hamilton.
While the bug is present, it is not widespread throughout the state, and encounters remain relatively uncommon for most residents. The species is also found across 32 states in the U.S. This native Ohio species primarily lives in wooded or rural environments and prefers to feed on small animals like raccoons, opossums, and rodents.
How to Identify a Triatomine Bug
The kissing bug has a distinct appearance, featuring a long, narrow, and cone-shaped head with a thin neck. Its long, slender antennae are noticeable, and the body is typically dark brown or black. Many harmless insects are often mistaken for them, making correct identification important.
A key identifying feature of the adult is a pattern of red, orange, or yellowish stripes along the edge of the abdomen. Adults range from approximately one-half to one inch long. This appearance often leads to confusion with the predatory Wheel Bug, which is distinguished by a prominent, semicircular crest on its back. Other look-alikes include the Squash Bug and the Western Conifer Seed Bug, which lack the Triatomine bug’s characteristic cone-shaped head.
Understanding the Risk of Chagas Disease
Kissing bugs are a potential vector for the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Transmission does not occur through the bug’s bite itself, which is often painless and goes unnoticed. Instead, the parasite is found in the bug’s feces, which the insect typically deposits near the feeding site shortly after drawing blood.
Infection happens if the victim accidentally rubs the parasite-laden feces into the open bite wound or a mucous membrane, such as the eye or mouth. The risk of acquiring Chagas disease in Ohio is low for several reasons. The native T. sanguisuga rarely carries the parasite and prefers to feed on animals rather than humans. Furthermore, its feeding behavior means it typically defecates long after it has finished feeding and left the host. Most homes in Ohio also lack the structural deficiencies, like mud or thatch walls, that allow for high rates of infestation seen in endemic areas.
Steps to Take If You Find a Suspect Bug
If a bug suspected to be a Triatomine is found, handle it with caution and avoid direct contact. Do not attempt to squash the insect, as this action could potentially expose you to the parasite if the bug is infected. The recommended method is to safely capture the bug by placing a container over it and then carefully sliding a piece of stiff paper underneath to trap it.
The trapped bug should be killed and preserved, often by placing the sealed container in a freezer or filling it with rubbing alcohol. Once secured, contact a local public health department or a university extension office for identification and possible testing. Any surfaces the bug contacted should be cleaned thoroughly, typically with a solution of bleach and water.