Jumping spiders are commonly found throughout California. These arachnids are widespread across the state, exhibiting diversity in species and inhabiting various environments. Their presence is a common sight in both natural landscapes and urban settings.
Identifying Jumping Spiders
Jumping spiders possess distinct physical characteristics. They typically have compact bodies, often covered in dense, sometimes iridescent, hairs. A defining feature is their unique eye arrangement, with four pairs of eyes in three rows. The two large, forward-facing eyes provide them with exceptional vision and depth perception, crucial for their hunting strategy.
These spiders are active, diurnal hunters that do not rely on webs to catch prey. They stalk their prey using acute eyesight, then pounce with remarkable agility. Their jerky, pouncing movement is enabled by a rapid increase in blood pressure within their legs, allowing them to jump distances many times their body length. Before a jump, they secure a silk dragline as a safety net.
Jumping Spider Species and Habitats in California
California is home to several notable jumping spider species. The bold jumper (Phidippus audax) is one of the most common and recognizable, characterized by its black body with a white or orange triangular spot on its abdomen and blue-green mouthparts. This species thrives in grasslands, open woodlands, agricultural fields, and urban gardens, often seen hunting on fences and plant foliage.
Another species present in California is the tan jumping spider (Platycryptus undatus), identifiable by its mottled tan coloration and a chevron-like pattern on its abdomen. These spiders are found on vertical surfaces like tree trunks, fence posts, and building walls in woodlands, fields, and gardens. The zebra jumper (Salticus scenicus) is also present in California. This small spider is recognized by its black and white striped pattern and is often seen on outdoor walls, fences, and rocky areas. Other species found in California include Phidippus californicus (red abdomen with a black stripe) and Phidippus johnsoni (red-backed).
Understanding Jumping Spider Bites
Jumping spiders possess venom and can bite, but occurrences are rare. Bites typically happen only when the spider feels threatened or is provoked. They are not aggressive towards humans and prefer to escape. Their venom is used to subdue prey and is not medically significant for humans.
A jumping spider bite usually results in mild symptoms, often compared to a bee sting. Common reactions include a small, localized welt, minor burning or stinging, slight redness, and minimal swelling. To treat a bite, clean the area with soap and water and apply a cool compress to reduce swelling and discomfort. Over-the-counter pain relievers or antihistamines can help manage symptoms. If symptoms persist, worsen, or an allergic reaction occurs, seek medical attention.