Javelinas, also known as collared peccaries, are present in New Mexico. These mammals are common in specific regions of the state, particularly in the southern desert landscapes. They are a part of New Mexico’s diverse wildlife, contributing to its arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
Javelina Presence in New Mexico
Javelinas are found primarily in southwestern New Mexico, inhabiting various environments. They thrive in desert scrub, canyons, and arroyos, preferring areas with prickly pear cactus and mesquite. Specific mountain ranges like the Big Hatchets, Florida, Tres Hermanas, and Cedar mountains harbor javelina populations. They also use brush-filled sand washes and areas near water.
While historically in southern New Mexico (e.g., Carlsbad Caverns, Bootheel-Gila area), javelinas have shown a northward expansion. Sightings extend north to Santa Fe and along the Rio Grande (e.g., Bosque Del Apache, Clines Corners). This expansion links to slight increases in minimum winter temperatures, as cold weather limits their northern distribution. They seek shelter under trees, in small caves, or house shade to escape heat, as they regulate body temperature less effectively than some other desert animals.
Understanding Javelinas
Javelinas, or collared peccaries, are medium-sized mammals often mistaken for pigs due to their snout and stout body, but they belong to the Peccariidae family. They stand 18 to 24 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh 35 to 60 pounds; some near agricultural areas can be larger. Their coarse, salt-and-pepper fur features a distinct band of lighter hair around the neck, giving them their “collared” name.
They have a keen sense of smell and average hearing, compensating for poor eyesight. A musky scent gland near their rump marks territory and identifies herd members, contributing to their distinct odor. Javelinas are social, living in herds averaging around 12 individuals, but ranging from a few to over 20. They are primarily herbivorous, focusing on desert plants like prickly pear cactus, mesquite beans, agave, and roots, though they may consume insects or bird eggs.
Coexisting with Javelinas
Coexisting with javelinas requires precautions. Never feed javelinas; this causes them to lose natural fear and become dependent, creating problems for both animals and the community. Secure trash cans with locking lids and store pet food indoors to prevent attracting javelinas. Promptly remove fallen fruit and nuts, and ensure water sources are not easily accessible to deter them.
If an encounter occurs, move slowly away to give the javelina an escape route; loud noises, clapping, or stomping feet can alert them and encourage departure. While not aggressive, they may act defensively if threatened, cornered, or protecting young, with behaviors including teeth clacking, grunting, or barking. Keep pets, especially dogs, on a leash, as dogs can trigger a defensive response. For persistent problems or property damage, contact local wildlife authorities.