Iguanas are present in the Orlando area, though they are not as widespread or numerous as in South Florida. These large lizards are not native to the state and are considered an invasive species, having established populations through escapes and intentional releases from the exotic pet trade. While the bulk of the population is concentrated in the warmer, southern regions, iguanas are steadily expanding their range northward into Central Florida.
Understanding Iguana Distribution in Central Florida
The geographic distribution of iguanas in Florida is largely controlled by winter temperatures, which limit their establishment in the northern part of the state. Central Florida, including the Orlando area, represents the northern edge where established populations can currently survive year-round. Cold snaps below 45–50 degrees Fahrenheit cause iguanas to become lethargic and fall from trees, often resulting in mortality.
Iguana populations in Orange and Seminole counties depend on specific microclimates that offer thermal protection. Urban heat islands, created by dense concentrations of concrete, buildings, and pavement, retain heat and help mitigate the effects of cooler temperatures. Iguanas are frequently found near water bodies like canals and retention ponds, which also offer slightly warmer conditions and serve as travel corridors.
Identifying the Iguana Species Found Near Orlando
The species most commonly encountered in Central Florida is the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana), a large, primarily tree-dwelling lizard. Hatchlings and juveniles display a bright green coloration, which provides camouflage in foliage. Adult Green Iguanas range widely in color, from green to brown or almost black, with mature males sometimes developing an orange hue during the late fall and early winter breeding season.
These lizards possess a row of spikes down their neck and back, a large throat fan called a dewlap, and dark rings on their long, tapering tails. Another species, the Black Spinytail Iguana (Ctenosaura similis), may also be present, though less common. Black Spinytails are more terrestrial and are distinguished by prominent, sharply ridged scales on their tail, which give the appearance of a spiky club.
Property Damage and Ecological Concerns
Iguanas are classified as invasive species, meaning they are non-native and cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health. Their herbivorous diet leads them to consume a wide variety of ornamental plants, flowers, and fruits, causing substantial damage to residential landscaping and gardens. Iguanas are particularly attracted to plants like hibiscus, orchids, and various garden greens, often defoliating vegetation down to the stem.
The reptiles’ burrowing habits create significant infrastructural concerns in urban environments. They dig extensive tunnels for shelter and nesting, which can undermine the structural integrity of sidewalks, foundations, seawalls, and canal banks. Their droppings pose a sanitation issue, as they frequently defecate on docks, pool decks, and boats. Iguana feces can also contain the Salmonella bacterium, presenting a public health risk through contact with contaminated surfaces or water.
Guidance for Public Encounters and Removal
Iguanas are not protected in Florida, except by anti-cruelty laws, due to their status as a non-native, invasive species. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) encourages property owners to humanely remove iguanas from their premises. Any individual can humanely kill an iguana on their private property without a permit, provided they have landowner permission.
It is illegal to relocate or release captured iguanas anywhere else in Florida. If a resident is unable or unwilling to handle removal themselves, they should contact a professional nuisance wildlife trapper licensed to manage the species. Deterrence methods include removing attractive plants, filling in potential burrows, and using visual or auditory harassment tools like reflective CDs or motion-activated sprinklers. Never feed iguanas, as this encourages their presence and can lead to aggressive behavior.