Florida’s diverse ecosystems host various spider species. Among these, the huntsman spider often captures attention due to its imposing size and rapid movements. Many residents and visitors often wonder about the presence and characteristics of these large arachnids within the state.
Confirming Their Presence in Florida
Huntsman spiders are found in Florida, with the pantropical huntsman spider (Heteropoda venatoria) being the most commonly encountered species. This species is not native to the United States and was likely introduced from Asia through cargo shipments, establishing itself over decades. Huntsman spiders thrive in Florida’s warm, humid subtropical environment, particularly in the southern and central regions. They are common across both urban and rural areas, inhabiting natural outdoor spaces and frequently entering human dwellings.
These spiders can be found outdoors under tree bark, in woodpiles, or beneath rocks and leaf litter. They are also frequently sighted indoors in places like homes, garages, sheds, attics, and cars, especially when seeking warmth. Their adaptability contributes to their widespread presence throughout Florida.
Identifying a Huntsman Spider
Huntsman spiders are notable for their impressive size, often among the largest spider species in Florida. Their leg span typically ranges from 3 to 7 inches, making them larger than a smartphone. Despite their large leg span, their bodies are relatively flat, about 1 inch in length, allowing them to squeeze into narrow spaces.
Their legs have joints that twist, causing them to spread out forwards and laterally in a crab-like fashion, earning them the nickname “giant crab spider.” Huntsman spiders typically exhibit coloration ranging from tan to brown or grey, often with distinctive black spots on their legs or a black border around their cephalothorax. They can be distinguished from tarantulas by their less bulky build and from brown recluse spiders by their larger size and the absence of a violin-shaped marking.
Understanding Their Behavior and Habitat
Huntsman spiders are active hunters that do not build webs to capture prey. Instead, they rely on their speed and agility to chase and pounce on prey. They are primarily nocturnal predators, emerging at night to hunt insects such as cockroaches, moths, and even small reptiles. This hunting behavior makes them beneficial in controlling pest populations.
During the day, huntsman spiders seek shelter in dark, undisturbed locations. Common outdoor hiding spots include under loose tree bark, in woodpiles, or beneath rocks and logs. Indoors, they hide in garages, sheds, attics, closets, and behind furniture or wall hangings. These spiders are generally non-aggressive towards humans and typically flee when disturbed rather than confront.
Huntsman Spider Bites and Safety
Bites from huntsman spiders are rare, typically occurring only when the spider feels threatened, such as when accidentally trapped or handled. Despite their intimidating size, their venom is generally not considered medically significant to humans. Effects of a bite are often compared to a bee sting, causing localized pain, mild redness, and swelling. These symptoms usually resolve quickly, often within a few hours or days.
In infrequent instances, sensitive individuals may experience mild nausea, headaches, or an allergic reaction, though severe reactions like anaphylaxis are uncommon. If a bite occurs, clean the affected area with soap and water to prevent infection. Applying a cold pack or ice can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or if signs of an allergic reaction develop. To minimize encounters, sealing cracks around windows and doors, decluttering indoor spaces, and managing outdoor debris can help deter these spiders.