Hummingbirds grace the skies of Wyoming, arriving each spring to bring their characteristic speed and iridescent color to the mountain landscapes. Their presence is a spectacular, temporary feature of the state’s summer ecology. They fuel their incredible metabolisms on nectar and small insects. Their annual migration and fierce territorial nature inspire excitement among residents and visitors alike.
The Hummingbird Species of Wyoming
Four species are regularly observed in Wyoming. The most frequently sighted summer resident is the Broad-tailed Hummingbird, a medium-sized bird with an iridescent green back. The male is easily recognized by its bright rose-red throat, or gorget, which creates a distinct metallic trill sound during flight.
The Rufous Hummingbird is most often seen passing through during its fall migration. Males are strikingly colored, appearing bright orange or rusty across their backs and bellies, contrasted by an iridescent reddish-orange throat patch. The Calliope Hummingbird, the smallest bird in North America, is also a regular visitor.
The male Calliope is set apart by its unique, streaked magenta gorget that flares outward in separated rays. The Black-chinned Hummingbird is considered the western counterpart to more common eastern species. The male’s gorget appears black, but a thin, iridescent violet band is visible beneath the black bib when viewed in the right light. This species is also known for constantly pumping its tail while hovering, which helps distinguish it from other species.
Seasonal Presence and Migration Patterns
Hummingbirds are seasonal visitors to Wyoming, arriving after completing migration from their wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America. The first arrivals, typically the males, begin appearing around mid-April, with the main wave continuing through May. Males arrive first to establish and defend territories before the females follow.
The breeding season takes place during the late spring and summer months across the high-elevation habitats. The Rufous Hummingbird, however, primarily uses Wyoming as a refueling stop during its southbound journey.
By early August, many hummingbirds, including females and young of the year, begin their migration south. Most of the population has departed by the end of September, although a few stragglers may be observed into early October.
Optimal Habitats Across the State
Hummingbirds thrive in Wyoming’s diverse mountain and riparian environments, with different species preferring specific elevations. The Broad-tailed and Calliope Hummingbirds favor higher-altitude habitats. They are commonly found in montane meadows, subalpine forests, and areas with willow growth at elevations ranging from 5,000 to over 10,000 feet.
These high-elevation sites offer a rich supply of summer-blooming wildflowers, providing the bulk of their natural nectar diet. Conversely, the Black-chinned Hummingbird tends to frequent lower elevations, concentrating in canyons and deciduous riparian corridors. These areas provide the necessary water and insect prey.
The Rufous Hummingbird is more of a generalist, using mountain foothills, open forests, and wet meadows during its migration. Both breeding residents and migrants are attracted to urban and suburban areas that mimic these natural habitats. This is particularly true if backyards contain mature trees for perching and a consistent supply of nectar sources.
Tips for Attracting Hummingbirds
One of the most effective ways to attract these birds is by providing a simple, clean sugar-water solution in specialized feeders. The ideal mixture is a ratio of one part plain white cane sugar dissolved in four parts water. Avoid using red dye, honey, or artificial sweeteners, as these additives can be harmful to the birds’ health.
Feeders must be maintained with high standards of cleanliness to prevent mold and fermentation. The solution should be changed and the feeder cleaned every two to three days, or daily during hot weather. Placing feeders in partial shade helps slow the fermentation process, keeping the nectar fresh longer.
Planting native, nectar-producing flowers is an excellent strategy to encourage their presence. Hummingbirds prefer long, tubular flowers, particularly those in shades of red, orange, or pink. Excellent regional choices include:
- Scarlet gilia
- Indian paintbrush
- Penstemon
- Various species of honeysuckle
Providing these natural food sources alongside a clean feeder will help sustain them throughout their summer stay.