Hummingbirds are common across Washington State. These tiny birds are known for their fast wing beats, which produce the characteristic humming sound that gives them their name. Washington provides a diverse habitat that supports several species, ranging from permanent residents in the mild coastal climate to migratory visitors that travel here to breed. Their speed and miniature size make them a captivating sight statewide.
Key Hummingbird Species in Washington
The hummingbird population in Washington is dominated by two species: the Anna’s Hummingbird and the Rufous Hummingbird. The Anna’s Hummingbird is the primary year-round resident, especially in temperate areas west of the Cascade Mountains. The male Anna’s is identified by its iridescent emerald green back and a rose-red gorget and crown that can appear deep magenta in the sunlight. This species is slightly larger than the others and has adapted to urban environments where food sources are available throughout the year.
The Rufous Hummingbird is the most common summer visitor and breeding species in the state. The male Rufous is distinguished by its coppery-orange coloration on its back and flanks, paired with a reddish-orange iridescent throat. This species is known for its aggressive and territorial behavior, often seen chasing other birds away from feeders or flowers. Two other species, the Calliope and the Black-chinned Hummingbird, are also present, particularly in the mountainous and eastern parts of the state.
Seasonal Patterns and Migration Timing
The presence of hummingbirds in Washington changes with the seasons, dictated by their migratory habits. Anna’s Hummingbirds remain in the state throughout the winter, relying on their ability to enter a state of torpor during cold nights to conserve energy. Their year-round residency means they begin nesting early, sometimes laying eggs in the winter months. This adaptation has allowed their population to expand across the Pacific Northwest lowlands.
The Rufous Hummingbird undertakes one of the longest migrations relative to its size, traveling from its wintering grounds in Mexico. The first males arrive in Washington in early spring, often as early as late February or March, following the coastal route north. Females and juveniles arrive later, and the breeding season continues through the summer. The return journey south begins early, with many Rufous starting their migration by late July or August, often following a different route inland along the Rocky Mountains.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Property
Creating a welcoming habitat encourages hummingbirds to visit and stay on your property. Feeders are useful, but the nectar solution must be prepared correctly using a ratio of one part plain white cane sugar to four parts water. Boil the mixture briefly to dissolve the sugar. Food coloring, honey, or artificial sweeteners should never be added as they can be harmful to the birds.
Feeder cleanliness is important; the solution should be changed and the feeder thoroughly cleaned every few days, or daily during hot weather, to prevent mold growth. Placing several feeders out of sight from one another can help reduce the aggressive territorial behavior of species like the Rufous Hummingbird. Providing a constant source of clean water, such as a fine mister or a dripper, is also beneficial for bathing and drinking.
Planting native flowers provides a more natural and sustainable food source than feeders alone. Hummingbirds are attracted to tubular-shaped flowers that are red or orange, a color they associate with high nectar content. Excellent choices specific to the Washington region include the Western Trumpet or Orange Honeysuckle, Red-flowering Currant, and Sitka Columbine. Planting a variety of species that bloom at different times ensures a continuous supply of nectar from early spring through the fall migration period.