Hummingbirds are a seasonal presence throughout New York State, bringing a flash of vibrant color and incredible speed to local gardens and parks every summer. These tiny creatures, known for their ability to hover and fly backward, are among the most fascinating avian visitors to the region. The species reliably found across New York is the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, which makes an impressive journey to reach its breeding grounds here. This migratory pattern means that their appearance is a predictable, though fleeting, event each year.
The Primary Hummingbird Species in New York
The only hummingbird species that regularly breeds in the eastern half of North America is the Ruby-throated Hummingbird. While a few other species, such as the Rufous, Anna’s, or Calliope Hummingbird, are occasionally documented as rare vagrants, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the one New York residents can expect to see.
The species displays sexual dimorphism. Males are easily identified by their iridescent, emerald-green back and crown, gray-white underside, and a striking, brilliant red throat patch, or gorget, which can appear black in poor light. Females share the green back but lack the red gorget, instead having a white throat and often showing white tips on their outer tail feathers.
These birds are typically measuring between 2.8 to 3.5 inches in length and weighing less than a nickel. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is found statewide, from the urban settings of New York City to the wooded edges of the Adirondacks, wherever suitable nectar sources are available.
Seasonal Presence and Migration Schedule
The timing of the hummingbirds’ arrival and departure in New York is strongly tied to their migratory cycle. After spending the winter in Central America or Mexico, the birds begin their northward journey in the spring. Many individuals make a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of up to 600 miles.
Their arrival in New York State generally occurs from late April into early May, with males typically arriving a week or two before the females. This timing is less dependent on temperature and more on photoperiod, which acts as a cue for migration. Once they arrive, they quickly establish territories and begin the breeding season, with the female building a lichen-covered nest.
The males’ involvement ends shortly after mating, leaving the female to raise the young alone. As the summer progresses, the birds store fat reserves to prepare for the return trip. The fall migration begins early, with some adult males starting their southward journey in August. The majority of the population departs by late summer or early fall, typically through the month of September.
Practical Tips for Attracting Them
Attracting these energetic birds to a yard in New York can be accomplished through two main methods: feeders and appropriate plantings. For feeders, a sugar-water solution that mimics natural nectar is recommended: one part plain white granulated table sugar dissolved in four parts water.
Avoid using honey, brown sugar, or artificial sweeteners, as these can be harmful to the birds. Adding red food coloring is unnecessary, as the red parts of the feeder itself are enough to attract their attention. Feeders must be cleaned regularly, ideally every two to three days in warm weather, to prevent the growth of mold and fermentation of the sugar solution.
Complementing feeders with specific plants offers a more natural and sustainable food source. Hummingbirds are particularly drawn to native, tubular-shaped flowers, which hold rich amounts of nectar. Excellent choices for New York gardens include Bee Balm, Trumpet Honeysuckle, and Cardinal Flower.