Hummingbirds, with their shimmering feathers and rapid wingbeats, are captivating creatures. These tiny birds, recognized as the smallest birds in the world, are indeed a part of New Jersey’s diverse wildlife. They add vibrancy to gardens and natural landscapes across the state.
Hummingbird Species in New Jersey
The most common hummingbird species observed in New Jersey is the Ruby-throated Hummingbird. These birds are the only species that regularly breed within the state. Male Ruby-throated Hummingbirds exhibit a striking iridescent ruby-red throat patch, known as a gorget, contrasting with their metallic green back and white underparts. Females lack the red throat, displaying a white or faintly streaked gray throat, but share the same green upper plumage.
While the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the primary resident, New Jersey occasionally hosts other, rarer species. Sightings of Rufous Hummingbirds, Black-chinned Hummingbirds, and Calliope Hummingbirds have been recorded, though these are typically accidental visitors that have strayed from their usual migratory paths. The Rufous Hummingbird, for instance, is characterized by its reddish-orange plumage, particularly on the male.
Seasonal Migration Patterns
Hummingbirds in New Jersey are migratory, undertaking long journeys between their breeding grounds and warmer wintering sites. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds typically arrive in New Jersey in mid to late April and early May, with males often appearing a week or two before the females. This spring migration allows them to establish territories and begin their breeding season in the abundant summer environment.
As daylight hours shorten and temperatures begin to cool, these birds prepare for their southward migration. Most Ruby-throated Hummingbirds depart New Jersey between late August and September, with some lingering until late October. They travel to wintering grounds in Florida, Mexico, and Central America, a journey driven by the decreasing availability of nectar and insects in colder climates.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Garden
Creating a welcoming environment attracts hummingbirds. Planting nectar-rich flowers is an effective method, as hummingbirds are particularly drawn to red, orange, and pink tubular blooms. Excellent choices for New Jersey gardens include native plants like Trumpet Vine, Coral Honeysuckle, Cardinal Flower, and Bee Balm. Arranging these plants in conspicuous clusters makes them more visible to passing hummingbirds.
In addition to flowers, hummingbird feeders provide a reliable supplemental food source. A simple nectar solution can be prepared by mixing one part refined white sugar with four parts water until the sugar dissolves. It is important to avoid using honey or artificial sweeteners, and red dye is unnecessary and potentially harmful. Feeders should be cleaned regularly to prevent mold and bacterial growth; daily in hot weather, every two to three days in warm weather, and at least once a week in cooler conditions. Thorough cleaning with hot water and a brush, or a mild vinegar solution, is recommended.