Hummingbirds, with their iridescent feathers and rapid wingbeats, are a captivating presence in Montana. These tiny birds, known for their ability to hover and dart, add vibrant color and activity to various landscapes across the state. Their appearance signals the arrival of warmer months, drawing the attention of nature enthusiasts and backyard observers.
Hummingbird Species Found in Montana
Montana hosts several species of hummingbirds, each with distinct characteristics and preferred habitats. The Calliope Hummingbird, the smallest breeding bird in North America, is a common summer resident in mountainous areas and western Montana, often found along riparian corridors. Males have magenta streaks on their white throats, creating a “whiskered” appearance, and deep green backs. They typically arrive in April and depart by September.
The Rufous Hummingbird is another frequent visitor, known for its fiery orange plumage and territorial behavior. Males have a bright copper-colored back and an iridescent red-orange throat; females are more muted with greenish backs and rufous sides. They breed in Montana and are commonly seen during summer, especially in areas with abundant flowers and feeders, arriving in April and leaving by late September.
Black-chinned Hummingbirds are found in Montana and much of the western United States, favoring arid or semi-arid regions like river valleys and foothills. Males have a black throat with a subtle band of iridescent violet, metallic green backs, and grayish-white undersides. They are present during the summer breeding season, typically arriving in early May and departing in late September.
The Broad-tailed Hummingbird, a mountain-dwelling species, breeds in high-elevation meadows and open woodlands. Males have iridescent rose-colored throats and shimmering green backs; their wings produce a distinctive trilling sound in flight. These hummingbirds are typically seen in Montana from late May to early August, often in the southwestern part of the state. Although less common, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is occasionally observed in Montana, primarily during migration in August and September.
Attracting and Observing Hummingbirds
Attracting hummingbirds to your yard involves providing reliable sources of food, water, and shelter. Setting up hummingbird feeders is effective; fill them with a simple sugar-water solution (one part white granulated sugar to four parts water). Avoid adding red dye to the nectar, as it is unnecessary and potentially harmful. Store extra sugar water in the refrigerator for up to a week. Clean feeders every three to five days, or sooner if the nectar appears cloudy, to prevent mold growth.
Planting native flowers is another way to draw hummingbirds, as they provide natural nectar sources and are well-suited to the local environment. Hummingbirds are particularly attracted to red, orange, and yellow tubular-shaped flowers, which suit their long beaks. Examples of native plants that attract hummingbirds in Montana include columbine, bee balm, penstemon, and golden currant. Also, provide shallow water sources, like misters or birdbaths, and perching spots such as thin branches.
Observing hummingbirds ethically means minimizing disturbance to their natural behaviors. Maintain a safe distance and use binoculars or spotting scopes for closer views. Move slowly and calmly to avoid startling them; refrain from sudden movements or loud noises. Creating a supportive environment through feeders and native plants allows for enjoyable observation while contributing to their well-being.