Hummingbirds, with their rapid wingbeats and iridescent plumage, are a captivating sight in Michigan. These tiny, acrobatic birds are a vibrant part of the state’s natural landscape during much of the year. Their arrival each spring signals the start of warmer months.
Michigan’s Hummingbird Residents
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most common species in Michigan. These birds are regular summer residents, arriving to breed and raise their young. Males are identified by their bright, iridescent red throat patch and metallic green upperparts. Females are green above with a white throat.
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds begin migrating into Michigan in mid-April, with males often arriving first to establish feeding territories. Peak numbers are seen in mid-May in the southern Lower Peninsula, extending to late May further north. They spend the summer months in Michigan, feeding and raising their offspring.
As autumn approaches, these hummingbirds embark on their southward journey, departing Michigan by late August or early September, though some stragglers may be seen into October. Their wintering grounds extend to warmer climates such as Florida, the Caribbean, and Central America.
While the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the primary species, Michigan occasionally hosts rare visitors. The Rufous Hummingbird, known for its copper-orange coloration, is sometimes sighted, particularly in the fall, though its typical breeding range is in western North America. Other species, such as Anna’s, Broad-billed, White-eared, Costa’s, and Mexican Violetear Hummingbirds, have also been recorded as accidental vagrants, appearing infrequently due to being off their typical migratory paths. These rare sightings are not regular occurrences.
Attracting and Observing Hummingbirds
Attracting hummingbirds involves providing reliable nectar sources from flowers and feeders. Hummingbirds are drawn to long, tubular flowers, especially red and orange ones, as these colors signal a rich nectar supply. Examples include:
- Trumpet Vine
- Trumpet Honeysuckle
- Red Cardinal Flower
- Bee Balm
- Lupine
- Salvia
Planting a diverse selection of these nectar-rich plants ensures a continuous food source.
Hummingbird feeders offer an additional, consistent food source. The nectar solution is simple to prepare: one part refined white sugar to four parts water. Avoid red dyes, honey, or artificial sweeteners, as these can be harmful to the birds.
Maintaining feeder hygiene is important for bird health. Feeders should be cleaned frequently: daily in hot weather, every two to three days in warm weather, and at least twice a week in cooler conditions. When cleaning, use hot tap water or a weak vinegar solution, and avoid dish soaps, which can leave harmful residues. Placing feeders and nectar-rich plants near windows or patio areas allows for close observation.