Hummingbirds, with their iridescent feathers and rapid wingbeats, are a source of fascination. Kansas residents often wonder if these tiny, energetic birds visit the state. Hummingbirds are indeed present in Kansas, bringing a vibrant touch to gardens and natural landscapes. Their arrival signals warmer months, as these creatures undertake extensive migrations.
Hummingbirds Found in Kansas
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is the most common species found throughout Kansas. It accounts for nearly all hummingbird sightings, especially in the eastern half of the state where it is more abundant. These small birds typically measure around 3.5 inches and weigh about 4.5 grams. Males have a bright, ruby-red throat patch, while females appear duller with white throats that may have pale green streaks. They often nest along streams and in woodland parks.
While the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the primary resident, Kansas also sees occasional visitors and rare vagrants. Species like the Rufous and Broad-tailed Hummingbirds are sometimes observed during migration. Other less common species recorded include the Black-chinned, Calliope, Anna’s, Costa’s, and Broad-billed hummingbirds. The Calliope Hummingbird, notable as the smallest bird in the United States and Canada, may be found in areas like Lawrence and Ottawa.
When to Spot Them
Their presence in Kansas is seasonal. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds typically arrive in early to mid-April, with males often appearing first to establish territories. Females follow one to two weeks later. Numbers peak during June and July, which is also the breeding and nesting season for the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, the only species known to breed in the state.
As summer progresses, hummingbird activity remains high, particularly in late summer as they prepare for their southward journey. Fall migration begins with mature males departing Kansas as early as mid-July or late July. Females and younger birds typically follow in August and September. By October, or with the first hard frost, most hummingbirds have completed their migration south to warmer wintering grounds in Mexico, Central America, and the Gulf Coast.
Creating a Welcoming Environment
Attracting hummingbirds involves providing reliable sources of nectar, water, and perching spots. A sugar-water solution for feeders can be made by mixing one part white sugar with four parts water. Use only plain white table sugar; honey, artificial sweeteners, brown sugar, or organic sugar should not be used, and red dyes are unnecessary and potentially harmful. Boil the water to dissolve the sugar, then allow it to cool before filling feeders.
Feeder hygiene is important. Nectar should be changed every two to three days in hot weather, or every three to five days in more temperate conditions. Feeders require thorough cleaning each time they are refilled, using hot water and dish soap, or a diluted solution of bleach or vinegar, followed by a rinse. Placing feeders in partially shaded areas helps keep nectar fresh longer and prevents rapid spoilage.
Planting nectar-rich flowers is another effective way to attract hummingbirds. They are particularly drawn to tubular flowers, especially red or orange ones. Native plants like Bee Balm (Monarda didyma), Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis), and certain Salvia species (e.g., Lady-in-Red) are excellent choices for Kansas landscapes. Trumpet Creeper, while native and highly attractive, can be aggressive, so careful placement is advised. Other beneficial plants include Agastache, Columbine, Hollyhock, and Zinnia.
Hummingbirds also need water for bathing and preening, though traditional deep bird baths are not suitable. They prefer shallow, moving water sources like misters, drippers, or weeping-style fountains. These features provide the fine spray or damp surfaces hummingbirds can hover in or rub against. Providing nearby branches or perching spots allows birds a place to rest and dry off after bathing. Avoid using pesticides and herbicides, as hummingbirds consume small insects in addition to nectar.