Hummingbirds are known for their small stature, vibrant, iridescent plumage, and remarkable agility. They are the only birds capable of sustained hovering flight, with wings beating over 50 times per second, creating their characteristic humming sound. Although often associated with tropical climates, these speedy fliers visit the midwestern state of Kansas.
The Primary Kansas Species and Their Presence
The confirmed presence of hummingbirds in Kansas is dominated by the Ruby-throated Hummingbird. This species is the only one that commonly breeds east of the Great Plains, making it the expected visitor across most of the state, especially the eastern half where woodland habitat is abundant. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is an emerald green bird with grayish-white underparts.
The male is easily identified by his bright, metallic red throat patch, or gorget, which can appear black in poor light. These birds favor semi-open habitats like forest edges, wooded parks, and gardens, constructing tiny, quarter-sized nests using spider silk and plant fibers on downward-sloping tree branches. While the Ruby-throated is common, Kansas has recorded sightings of up to 11 different species, including the Rufous, Black-chinned, and Calliope Hummingbirds. These other species are rare or accidental visitors, typically passing through during migration.
Seasonal Timing and Migration Patterns
The presence of hummingbirds in Kansas is purely seasonal, as they are migratory birds that do not overwinter in the state. Their spring arrival is a welcome sign of warmer weather, with the first individuals typically appearing around mid-April. The northbound migration continues through May, with most of the state’s breeding population settling in by early June.
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird spends its winter months primarily in central Mexico and Central America. Some individuals make a non-stop flight across the 500-mile-wide Gulf of Mexico. The southbound journey begins with some males starting to depart as early as July, although the main migration peak occurs from late August through September. Observers may still spot stragglers into early October.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Yard
To successfully observe these energetic birds, supplement natural nectar sources with a simple sugar-water solution in a feeder. The correct recipe mimics the natural sugar concentration in flowers and consists of one part refined white sugar to four parts water. Avoid using red food dye, as it is unnecessary and potentially harmful; the red color on the feeder itself is enough to attract their attention.
Feeder Maintenance
Feeder maintenance is essential for bird health, requiring the sugar water to be changed frequently, especially in warm Kansas temperatures. Nectar can spoil and ferment quickly in hot weather, necessitating a change every one to two days. The feeder must be thoroughly cleaned each time, using hot water and either a weak vinegar solution or a 1:9 bleach-to-water solution to prevent mold and bacteria growth.
Attracting Hummingbirds with Plants
Complementing feeders with specific plants provides a more complete diet, as hummingbirds also consume small insects for protein. They are attracted to flowers that are typically red or orange and tubular in shape. Placing feeders near natural cover, such as trees or shrubs, encourages visits by providing a safe, nearby perch. Excellent native plant choices for a Kansas garden include Trumpet Creeper (Campsis radicans), Bee Balm (Monarda species), and Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis).