Hummingbirds, with their shimmering colors and remarkable aerial abilities, are indeed found in Indiana. These tiny birds, often no larger than a person’s thumb and weighing about the same as a nickel, exhibit astonishing agility as they hover or dart between flowers. Their presence adds a vibrant touch to gardens and natural landscapes. Understanding their patterns and needs can enhance appreciation for these unique creatures.
Hummingbird Visitors in Indiana
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the only species that commonly nests and breeds in Indiana. These migratory birds spend winters in warmer climates, typically Mexico or Central America. Their northward migration brings them to Indiana starting in early to mid-April, progressing from south to north through April and early May. Once they arrive, they remain throughout the summer for their breeding season.
As the summer progresses, the Ruby-throated Hummingbirds begin their southward journey, with fall migration starting as early as late July. Most of these hummingbirds will have departed Indiana by the end of August or early September. The peak of their fall migration in Indiana often occurs in the first two weeks of September, though some individuals may be observed until late October. During this period, males typically begin their migration first, followed by females and then the younger birds.
While the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most commonly sighted, other species are occasionally recorded as rare visitors in Indiana. These include the Rufous Hummingbird, observed in late autumn, sometimes into November or December. Other species like the Black-chinned, Anna’s, Calliope, Broad-tailed, and Green-violetear hummingbirds have also been noted as infrequent visitors.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Indiana Yard
Creating a welcoming environment can encourage hummingbirds to visit your Indiana yard. Nectar feeders offer a supplemental food source, particularly useful in early spring before many flowers bloom or during fall migration. A suitable nectar solution can be prepared by mixing four parts water with one part refined white sugar, ensuring the sugar is fully dissolved. It is important to avoid using honey, brown sugar, artificial sweeteners, or red dye, as these can be harmful to the birds.
Maintaining feeder hygiene is important for hummingbird health. Feeders should be cleaned every three to five days, and even daily or every other day in hot weather, or if the nectar shows any signs of spoilage like cloudiness or mold. To clean, disassemble the feeder completely, wash it with hot water and a weak vinegar solution, then rinse thoroughly to remove any residue. Placing feeders in shaded areas can help slow down the spoilage of the nectar.
Beyond feeders, native plants are a primary source of nectar and are highly effective in attracting hummingbirds. Plants like Cardinal Flower, Trumpet Vine, Trumpet Honeysuckle, Bee Balm, and Salvia are excellent choices for Indiana gardens. Selecting a variety of plants with different blooming periods ensures a continuous supply of nectar throughout the growing season. Native plants are well-adapted to Indiana’s climate and soil, making them resilient additions to any landscape.
Hummingbirds also rely on insects for essential protein. They consume small invertebrates such as mosquitoes, gnats, aphids, and spiders. Encouraging a healthy insect population through native plant gardening and avoiding insecticides greatly benefits hummingbirds. Leaving feeders out until late October or later provides crucial energy for late-migrating birds passing through the state.