Hummingbirds, with their shimmering plumage and remarkable aerial agility, are a vibrant part of Idaho’s diverse wildlife. These tiny, energetic birds grace the state’s landscapes, bringing color and constant motion to wild areas and residential gardens. Their presence signals the arrival of warmer months.
Hummingbird Species Found in Idaho
Idaho is home to several hummingbird species. The Rufous Hummingbird, a common visitor, is known for the male’s bright, flame-colored gorget and coppery-orange back and sides, though some males can have green backs. Females typically have green backs, rufous sides, and a white breast with some red or orange throat spotting. These aggressive birds often defend feeding territories.
The Calliope Hummingbird, North America’s smallest bird, measures just over three inches long. Males display a unique gorget of purplish-red stripes resembling peppermint candy, while their backs are bright greenish-bronze. Females are less brightly colored, exhibiting light freckles on their throats. Black-chinned Hummingbirds are another frequent sight, with males featuring a black chin bordered by an iridescent violet band and a metallic green body. Females have a pale throat and white tips on their tail feathers.
Broad-tailed Hummingbirds, larger at about four inches, are recognizable by the male’s rosy-red gorget and green back, often with orangish sides. Males produce a metallic trilling sound with their wingtips during flight, particularly during breeding season. Anna’s Hummingbirds are less common but can be observed, especially as winter visitors in some Idaho areas. Males have an iridescent rose-red crown and throat, while females exhibit a grayish throat with occasional red spots.
When and Where to Find Hummingbirds in Idaho
Hummingbirds are primarily migratory in Idaho. Most species begin arriving in early spring, typically from late March through May, following their wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America. Black-chinned, Broad-tailed, and Calliope hummingbirds generally arrive in late April to early May for breeding. Rufous hummingbirds typically arrive in May, moving north along the Pacific Coast, then migrate south through the Rocky Mountains in late summer.
These birds can be found across various habitats within Idaho, adapting to different elevations and environments. Mountain meadows, rich with wildflowers like Indian paintbrush and columbine, provide nectar sources and nesting sites for species such as the Calliope and Broad-tailed hummingbirds. Riparian zones, near streams and rivers, also serve as important habitats. Urban areas, including suburban gardens and parks with abundant flowers, also attract hummingbirds. While most hummingbirds depart by September or October, Anna’s Hummingbirds are unique, with some individuals occasionally overwintering in parts of Idaho, particularly around Boise and other southwestern areas.
How to Attract Hummingbirds to Your Property
Attracting hummingbirds to a yard involves providing reliable food sources and suitable habitat. Nectar feeders are effective, and choosing feeders with red accents can enhance their appeal, as hummingbirds are drawn to the color red. Glass feeders are often recommended because they are easier to clean and durable.
Homemade nectar is simple to prepare using a ratio of four parts water to one part granulated white sugar. Heat the mixture until the sugar dissolves, then allow it to cool completely before filling feeders. Avoid using red food coloring, honey, or artificial sweeteners, as these can be harmful to the birds. Feeders require regular cleaning, ideally every few days, to prevent fermentation and mold growth, especially in warmer weather.
Supplementing feeders with native, nectar-rich plants provides natural food sources and encourages their presence. Tube-shaped flowers, which accommodate their long beaks, are particularly attractive. Examples include bee balm, salvia, and other red or brightly colored blossoms. Placing feeders in shaded areas can help keep the nectar fresh longer, and if territorial males are present, placing multiple feeders across the yard can allow more birds to feed.