Hummingbirds are indeed found in Florida, bringing bursts of color and energy to the state’s diverse landscapes. These tiny, fast-moving birds are a captivating part of Florida’s natural environment, offering unique observation opportunities.
Hummingbird Species in Florida
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is the most commonly encountered species in Florida and the only one known to breed within the state. These small birds typically measure about 3 inches in length and weigh as little as a penny. Males are distinguished by their metallic green backs and iridescent red throats, while females have a grayish throat.
While the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is prevalent, Florida also hosts other species, primarily as occasional visitors or during migration. The Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) and Black-chinned Hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) are among these less common visitors, often observed during winter. Other rare or accidental sightings have included the Calliope, Buff-bellied, Allen’s, and Broad-billed Hummingbirds, which typically pass through or winter in Florida.
When and Where to Spot Them
Hummingbird presence in Florida varies throughout the year, influenced by migratory patterns. Most Ruby-throated Hummingbirds migrate south to Mexico or Central America for winter, though some remain year-round, particularly in central and south Florida. Spring migration brings males to Florida as early as March, with females following about a week later.
Fall migration for Ruby-throated Hummingbirds typically occurs in September as they prepare for their journey, often across the Gulf of Mexico. Other species are mostly winter visitors, arriving as temperatures drop further north. Hummingbirds can be observed in various habitats across the state, including open woodlands, meadows, forest edges, suburban gardens, and parks.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Florida Garden
Creating a welcoming garden environment can attract hummingbirds. Planting native nectar-rich flowers is effective, as hummingbirds are drawn to red or orange tubular blossoms. Excellent native plant choices for Florida include Firebush (Hamelia patens), Coral Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens), Red Salvia (Salvia coccinea or splendens), Trumpet Creeper (Campsis radicans), Coralbean (Erythrina herbacea), and Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis). These plants provide essential natural food sources for the birds.
Hummingbird feeders offer a supplemental food source and should contain a solution of one part white granulated sugar to four parts water. Avoid using honey, brown sugar, artificial sweeteners, or red dye, as these can be harmful. Feeder hygiene is important; they should be cleaned every two to three days in hot weather or at least twice a week in cooler conditions to prevent mold and bacterial growth. Clean feeders with hot water and a brush, or a weak vinegar solution, but avoid soap.
Avoiding pesticides, especially neonicotinoids, is important for hummingbird well-being. These chemicals can negatively impact their metabolism and reduce insect prey, a source of protein. A pesticide-free garden supports a healthier ecosystem for hummingbirds and other pollinators.