Colorado’s diverse landscapes, from plains to mountain peaks, provide suitable habitats for various hummingbird species. Hummingbirds are a common sight across the state. These agile birds are drawn to abundant wildflowers and nectar sources. Their presence adds a vibrant dimension, captivating observers with their rapid wingbeats and iridescent plumage.
Hummingbird Species in Colorado
Colorado hosts several hummingbird species. The Broad-tailed Hummingbird is the most widespread, known for the male’s metallic trilling wings and rose-magenta gorget; females have green backs and rufous flanks. They frequently breed throughout Colorado’s mountainous regions. The Rufous Hummingbird, another frequent visitor, is recognized by the male’s fiery orange-red gorget and rufous back, and is highly migratory, often passing through Colorado during extensive north-south journeys. The Calliope Hummingbird, North America’s smallest, also migrates through Colorado, particularly at higher elevations, with males having a streaky purple gorget contrasting with their green backs.
Seasonal Presence and Migration
Hummingbirds arrive in Colorado during spring as temperatures rise and floral resources become available. Earliest arrivals, often Broad-tailed Hummingbirds, are observed in April, particularly at lower elevations. As spring progresses, more species arrive, including migratory Rufous and Calliope hummingbirds, using Colorado as a stopover during northward migration. Breeding activity peaks throughout June and July, with individuals found across various elevations, from suburban gardens to alpine meadows. As late summer approaches, typically August and September, hummingbirds begin their southward migration, departing before the first significant frosts for warmer climates; some late stragglers are observed into early October, particularly in southern Colorado.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Yard
Creating a welcoming environment can significantly increase the chances of attracting hummingbirds to your property. Placing nectar feeders is an effective method; these feeders should be red to catch their attention, mimicking the color of many nectar-rich flowers. The nectar solution is easily made at home by dissolving one part granulated white sugar in four parts boiling water, allowing it to cool completely before filling the feeder.
Feeder placement is also important. Position feeders in a visible, open area, preferably near flowering plants, but also within sight of a protective perch or shrub where the birds can rest and survey their surroundings. Direct sunlight can cause nectar to spoil quickly, so a partially shaded location is often beneficial. Regularly cleaning feeders every few days, especially during warmer weather, prevents mold and bacterial growth, which can be harmful to the birds.
Beyond feeders, planting specific flowers provides natural food sources and enhances their habitat. Native plants such as Rocky Mountain Beeplant, Scarlet Gilia, Penstemon, and Columbine are excellent choices that produce abundant nectar. Incorporating a variety of tubular, brightly colored flowers that bloom at different times throughout the season ensures a continuous food supply for these energetic birds. Providing a water source, such as a misters or shallow bird baths, can also be appealing to hummingbirds.