Hummingbirds are a vibrant part of Chicago’s natural landscape, bringing their aerial acrobatics to the city’s green spaces. These small, fast-moving birds are a welcome sight for many residents and can be observed throughout the metropolitan area. While their presence might seem surprising in a large urban environment, Chicago offers suitable conditions for these creatures.
Hummingbird Species and Seasonality in Chicago
The primary hummingbird species observed in Chicago is the Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris). These birds are notable for their iridescent green backs and white undersides, with males displaying a distinctive ruby-red throat patch that appears dark until caught by the light. While other species like Rufous, Broad-billed, and Allen’s hummingbirds have been sighted, the Ruby-throated is the most common and the only one that regularly breeds in eastern North America, including Illinois.
Their presence in Chicago is seasonal, driven by migratory patterns. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds typically arrive in the Chicago area in late April or early May, with males often arriving a week or two before females. They spend the summer months nesting and foraging, raising their young within the region. As autumn approaches, usually starting in late July or early August, these birds begin their southward migration to wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America. Most hummingbirds depart Chicago by the end of September or the second week of October, though some stragglers might be seen later in the month.
Preferred Habitats within Chicago
Hummingbirds in Chicago seek environments rich in nectar sources and suitable cover. They can be found in a variety of habitats across the city, including natural areas such as forest preserves, parks, and botanical gardens. These locations provide diverse plant life that attracts hummingbirds.
Urban and suburban backyards can serve as important habitats if they offer the necessary resources. Hummingbirds are adaptable to human environments and will frequent residential green spaces that have ample nectar-producing flowers and deciduous trees for nesting. They often build their small, cup-shaped nests, camouflaged with lichens and spider silk, on tree branches, typically 10 to 20 feet above the ground. Dense shrubs also provide essential shelter and perching spots.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Green Space
Creating a welcoming environment can encourage hummingbirds to visit your yard or balcony. Providing nectar sources is paramount, achievable through specific plants and feeders. Hummingbirds are particularly drawn to tubular flowers, especially those in shades of red, orange, blue, or purple, as they are attracted by sight rather than scent.
Recommended native plants for Chicago include:
Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)
Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
Bee Balm (Monarda fistulosa)
Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)
Complementing plants with hummingbird feeders filled with a sugar-water solution is effective. The solution should be one part refined white sugar to four parts water, boiled to dissolve the sugar and cooled before use. Avoid artificial sweeteners, honey, or red dyes, as these can be harmful to the birds. Clean feeders regularly (every two to five days depending on temperature) using hot water and a brush, without soap to prevent residue. Place feeders near shelter and out of direct sunlight to maintain the nectar’s freshness.