Howler monkeys are indeed present in Costa Rica. Their presence is widespread across various ecosystems. These monkeys contribute significantly to the rich biodiversity that defines Costa Rica’s natural landscapes. Their distinct vocalizations often announce their presence long before they are seen, making them a memorable part of the Costa Rican experience.
Species and Identification
The specific species of howler monkey found in Costa Rica is the Mantled Howler Monkey, scientifically known as Alouatta palliata. These primates are characterized by their predominantly black fur. A distinguishing feature is the fringe of long, yellowish or golden-brown guard hairs along their sides, giving them their “mantled” name.
Mantled howler monkeys also possess a robust prehensile tail, which they use as an extra limb for gripping branches and navigating the canopy. Their face is typically bare, black, and often framed by a beard-like growth, particularly in males who tend to have longer beards. Adult males can weigh up to 9.8 kg (22 lbs), while females are slightly smaller, making them one of the larger New World monkeys.
Where to Find Them
Howler monkeys inhabit a wide array of environments across Costa Rica, including lowland, montane, and tropical dry forests. They are primarily arboreal, foraging for leaves, fruits, and flowers in the trees.
These monkeys are commonly sighted in many national parks and regions. Notable locations include Guanacaste, the Osa Peninsula, and Manuel Antonio National Park. Other areas where they can be frequently encountered include Arenal Volcano National Park, Monteverde, Sarapiqui, and along the Caribbean coast. They can even be found near beaches, such as in Tamarindo and Hermosa, enjoying coastal environments.
Their Distinctive Calls
Mantled howler monkeys are renowned for their exceptionally loud and distinctive vocalizations. Their calls consist of deep, guttural roars that resonate for long distances through the dense forest. These powerful sounds are amplified by an enlarged hyoid bone, a hollow bone near their vocal cords, which acts as a natural resonating chamber.
The primary purpose of these loud howls is territorial marking and communication within and between troops. They allow groups to locate each other and define their space without needing physical confrontation. Howler monkeys typically vocalize most intensely at dawn and dusk, and their roars can carry up to three miles (4.8 km) away, making them one of the loudest land animals.