Hornets are indeed present in Texas. While the term “hornet” is often used to describe various aggressive stinging insects, true hornets do exist within the state. Understanding these species and how to distinguish them from other wasps is important for safety.
Hornet Species Found in Texas
Texas is home to the European hornet (Vespa crabro), considered the only true hornet species in the United States. This large insect typically measures between 1 and 1.5 inches in length. Its body coloration is primarily reddish-brown with distinct yellow or orange stripes on its abdomen, complemented by a pale face.
Another insect frequently referred to as a hornet in Texas is the bald-faced hornet (Dolichovespula maculata), though it is technically a type of yellowjacket. This species is smaller than the European hornet, typically measuring between 0.5 and 0.625 inches long. Its appearance is distinct, characterized by a mostly black body with noticeable white markings on its face, thorax, abdomen, and legs.
Identifying Hornets and Similar Insects
Distinguishing true hornets from other common stinging insects in Texas, such as yellowjackets and paper wasps, is possible by observing their size, body shape, and color patterns. Hornets are generally larger and more robust than most wasps. European hornets, for example, are notably larger than yellowjackets, which typically range from 0.375 to 0.625 inches.
Paper wasps often have a more slender body with a distinctive pinched waist and long legs that dangle during flight. Their coloring can vary but often includes reddish-brown with yellow markings. Yellowjackets, by contrast, possess a more compact and stocky build, with their legs tucked close to their body during flight, and are known for their bright yellow and black striped patterns. The bald-faced hornet, despite its common name, shares a compact body shape with yellowjackets but has a unique black and white coloration.
Safety When Encountering Hornets
Encountering a hornet requires a calm and measured response to avoid provoking a sting. Hornets are generally not aggressive unless their nest is disturbed or they perceive a direct threat. If a hornet is nearby, it is advisable to remain still and slowly move away without swatting or making sudden movements, as this can agitate the insect. Avoiding strong scents and brightly colored clothing when outdoors can also help prevent attracting them.
If a sting occurs, prompt action can help alleviate discomfort and prevent complications. Clean the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the sting site for 10-minute intervals can help reduce pain and swelling. Elevating the affected limb, if possible, also assists in reducing swelling.
Unlike honeybees, hornets can sting multiple times because their stingers are not barbed. It is important to monitor for signs of an allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or widespread hives, and seek immediate medical attention if these symptoms develop.
Nest Management and Professional Help
Hornet nests are typically constructed from a paper-like material made from chewed wood fibers. These nests can be found in various locations, including hollow trees, wall voids, attics, under eaves, or even suspended from branches. The specific location and appearance of the nest can vary depending on the hornet species. For instance, European hornet nests are often hidden within cavities, usually at least six feet above the ground, and are typically enclosed and not free-hanging. Bald-faced hornet nests are typically visible, football-shaped, and often suspended from tree branches or under eaves.
Attempting to remove a hornet nest without professional assistance is strongly discouraged due to the potential for aggressive defense from the colony. Hornets will vigorously defend their nests, and disturbing them can lead to multiple painful stings. Professionals have the necessary equipment and expertise to safely assess and remove nests, minimizing risk to individuals. Contacting a pest control service is the recommended course of action for hornet nest management.