The groundhog, also known as the woodchuck, is a large, herbivorous rodent found across much of North America. Recognized for its substantial burrows and deep winter hibernation, this animal belongs to the marmot group, with the scientific designation Marmota monax. Its presence in Arkansas, often called the “Natural State,” is common, particularly in the more rugged terrain.
Confirming the Woodchuck’s Presence in Arkansas
The groundhog is a native mammal of Arkansas and a member of the squirrel family (Sciuridae). It is one of the few large mammals in the state that is active during the day. An adult typically measures 20 to 27 inches long, including its short, bushy tail, and weighs between 5 and 12 pounds.
Their appearance is characterized by a compact, chunky body, short, powerful limbs, and long, curved claws highly adapted for digging. The fur is generally a grizzled brownish-gray, which can sometimes have a yellowish or reddish cast. When alarmed, the animal emits a loud, shrill whistle, earning it the regional nickname “whistle pig.”
Geographic Distribution and Preferred Habitat
The woodchuck population in Arkansas is concentrated predominantly in the Interior Highlands, which includes the Ozark and Ouachita Mountain ranges. Historically, the species was confined to these western and northern regions, where the landscape provides suitable terrain for their extensive burrow systems. Recent observations suggest that the distribution of Marmota monax has been expanding southward throughout the state over the last few decades.
These animals select specific environments that offer both cover and access to their preferred food sources. Preferred habitats include open fields, meadows, woodland edges, and brushy fence rows. Groundhogs dig their dens in well-drained soils, often near rock outcroppings or under the roots of trees. They also commonly utilize areas near human development, frequently constructing burrows under porches, sheds, decks, and stone walls for protection.
Groundhogs as Nuisance Wildlife and Management
The groundhog’s habit of extensive digging makes it a significant nuisance animal for landowners and agricultural operations in Arkansas. A single woodchuck can move a remarkable amount of soil, creating burrows up to 60 feet long and 5 feet deep. These large burrow systems pose a risk by undermining building foundations, sidewalks, and driveways, causing structural damage to property.
In agricultural settings, burrows in fields and pastures can damage equipment and pose a threat to livestock by creating tripping hazards. Furthermore, their diet of succulent grasses, clover, and garden vegetables means they frequently raid garden plots, orchards, and hay fields, leading to crop loss.
The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC) considers the woodchuck “unprotected” when it is causing damage. Landowners are permitted to manage these animals when they are damaging property, but specific regulations must be followed. While live traps may be used, and the animals can be shot during the day, trapping for removal often requires a depredation permit from the AGFC. This approach allows for the legal control of groundhogs when their presence conflicts with human interests or causes economic loss.