Grizzly bears are present in Washington State, though their numbers are very low and they inhabit specific, remote regions. Their presence is concentrated in the wildest parts of the state, where extensive recovery efforts are underway.
Grizzly Bear Habitats in Washington
Grizzly bears in Washington primarily reside in two federally designated recovery zones: the North Cascades Ecosystem and the Selkirk Mountains. The North Cascades Ecosystem, a rugged and vast area spanning approximately 9,800 square miles in the U.S. portion, extends into British Columbia. This region offers suitable habitat due to its extensive protected lands, including national park and wilderness areas, which limit human disturbance. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designated this area as one of six Grizzly Bear Recovery Zones in the lower 48 states.
The Selkirk Mountains, in Washington’s extreme northeast, also host a grizzly bear population. This area includes parts of the Colville National Forest and the Salmo-Priest Wilderness. Both habitats are remote and offer diverse food sources essential for grizzly survival.
Population Health and Conservation
Washington’s grizzly bear population faces significant challenges, listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The North Cascades Ecosystem population is critically low, with fewer than ten grizzlies estimated. The last confirmed sighting in the U.S. portion was in 1996. In the Selkirk Mountains, the broader ecosystem has an estimated 50-60 individuals, with roughly a dozen residing within Washington.
State and federal agencies are actively engaged in conservation efforts. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife collaborate on recovery plans. In April 2024, a decision was announced to restore grizzly bears to the North Cascades Ecosystem through translocation. This plan involves moving three to seven bears annually from other healthy populations for five to ten years, aiming for an initial population of 25. The long-term goal for the North Cascades is 200 bears over the next 60 to 100 years.
Coexisting with Grizzlies
Minimizing human-bear conflict is important for those in or near grizzly habitats. Proper food storage is a primary safety measure, requiring bear-resistant containers or hanging food, trash, and scented items away from tents.
For personal safety:
Carry bear spray and know how to use it.
Make noise when hiking to avoid surprising a bear.
Avoid travel during dawn or dusk, when bears are more active.
If an encounter occurs, remain calm, speak softly, and slowly back away without direct eye contact.
Do not run, as it can trigger a chase response.
If a grizzly charges, stand your ground and prepare to use bear spray.
In the rare event of a physical attack, playing dead is generally recommended.